In this paper we measure the price stickiness in Iran’s economy. More specifically, we use sub-aggregates data of consumer price index from 1990:3 to 2014:2 to investigate the analyze the frequency and size of price changes and test whether they are affected from the CPI variations. This is important as it determined how much the monetary authority can expect to have influence on the real ec...

Significant decline in the slope of short-term oil supply and demand curves, along with the meaningful change in the degree of risk aversion in arbitrageurs encouraged us to test the time-varying effects of speculative demand on crude oil price dynamics over the period 1985-2016. Using a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model – with structural shocks identified by Killian ...

Price shocks lead to oil price volatility in world oil markets. In response to this volatility, economic growth may take different regime and behavior patterns in different situation. Investigating this multi behavior patterns can be useful for policymakers to reduce the effect of oil price volatility. In this study, an EGARCH model has developed using the seasonal data of OPEC oil basket nomin...

this study examines the impact of oil price shocks on the employment of selected oil-exporting and oil-importing countries. To this end, the annual data for the period 2000-2014 and the econometric models of Christiano and Fitzgerald Filter, Bakstr-King Filter have been used to calculate the oil price shocks and the panel data model is used to estimate the model and data analysis. The results o...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

  In this paper, a small scale Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) Model is utilized to analyze the effects of monetary shocks on price level and economic activities in the Iranian housing sector. To analyze the "price level", four price indices of the housing sector were used and also six indices to estimate the "economic activities" in this sector were determined. The results show ...