Reviews of daily time-series mortality studies from many cities throughout the world suggest that daily mortality counts are associated with short-term changes in particulate matter (PM) air pollution. One U.S. city, however, with conspicuously weak PM-mortality associations was Salt Lake City, Utah; however, relatively robust PM-mortality associations have been observed in a neighboring metrop...

Water chemistry and its ecological implications have been extensively investigated in temperate high-mountain lakes because of their role as sentinels global change. However, few studies considered the drivers water tropical mountain underlain by volcanic bedrock. A survey 165 páramo Cajas Massif Southern Ecuador Andes identified 4 independent chemical variation gradients, primarily characteriz...

Diurnal mountain wind systems are local thermally driven wind systems that form over mountainous terrain and are produced by the buoyancy effects associated with the diurnal cycle of heating and cooling of the lower atmospheric layers. This chapter reviews the present scientific understanding of diurnal mountain wind systems, focusing on research findings published since 1988. Slope flows are e...

Salmonid fishes, native to the northern hemisphere, have become naturalized in many austral countries and appear linked to the decline of native fishes, particularly galaxiids. However, a lack of baseline information and the potential for confounding anthropogenic stressors have led to uncertainty regarding the association between salmonid invasions and galaxiid declines, especially in lakes, a...

Abstract Bedrock overdeepenings exposed by continued glacial retreat can store precipitation and meltwater, potentially leading to the formation of new proglacial lakes. These lakes may pose threats lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in high mountain areas, particularly if form geomorphological setups prone triggering events such as landslides or moraine collapses. We present first complete inventory...