the direct torque control (dtc) of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (ipmsm) offers simple structure and fast torque response. the conventional switching table-based dtc (st-dtc) presents some disadvantages like high torque and flux ripple and also variable switching frequency. this paper investigates the improved st-dtc strategies to reduce both torque and flux ripple in dtc of ipmsm...

Hemodialysis mainly removes small water-soluble uremic toxins but cannot effectively remove middle molecules and protein-bound toxins. Besides, the therapy is intermittent leading to fluctuating blood values fluid status which adversely impacts patients’ health. Prolonged hemodialysis (with adequate anticoagulation) could improve removal of development portable wearable artificial kidneys offer...

Electical potentials across the membrane in a modified AutoAnalyzer dialyzer (Technicon) have been determined under various conditions and related to the dialysis of 45Ca. The results suggest that anomalies in the diffusion of calcium from protein and nonprotein containing streams could be due to factors other than "Donnan equilibrium effects."

6. Lameire N, Peeters P, Vanholder R et al. Peritoneal dialysis in Europe: an analysis of its rise and fall. Blood Purif 2006; 24: 107–114 7. Van Biesen W, Vanholder R, Lameire N. The role of peritoneal dialysis as the first-line renal replacement modality. Perit Dial Int 2000; 20: 375–383 8. Fenton SS, Schaubel DE, Desmeules M et al. Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: a comparison of adj...

BACKGROUND Serum β-trace protein (βTP, MW 23-29 kDa) is a marker of GFR impairment in renal patients. Recent papers propose to predict residual renal function (RRF) in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients from serum concentrations of βTP and other small proteins, avoiding the collection of urine. Few data are available on the removal of βTP in patients treated with dialysis membranes with d...