The spatial distribution of households and firms, or urban spatial structure, is a core element of the study of urban economics and the crucial determinant of commuting patterns. This paper examines developments in the analysis of urban spatial structure and commuting that are related to the urban labour market that is the analysis of labour supply and labour demand in a spatial context. These ...

Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Generally, the urban disaster carrying capability in economic developed cities were considered better than the developing cities for wealth and the better capability could help for decreasing relative loss even though absolute loss under disasters maybe higher in economic developed cities. That was to say that the urban disaster carrying capability interacte...

In this paper, vowel epenthesis in Urban Hijazi Arabic is analysed as a process of gradual structural build-up. Harmonic Serialism, derivational framework Optimality Theory, provides the theoretical foundation to illustrate arguments. Rather than epenthesising an entire all at once, featural structure progressively increases successive steps. This accumulation continues until required quality a...

â  â â â â â  â  â  abstract: â  there is a significant relationship between economic growth and the degree of urban concentration, as measured by primacy or the share of the largest city in an urban system. in accordance to urban economic theories, there is an inverse-u shape relationship between urban concentration –urban primacy- and economic growth. that is, as economy grows, urban concen...

As Christopher Alexander discovered, all space or matter – either organic inorganic has some degree of order in it according to its structure and arrangement. The refers a kind structural character, called living structure, which is defined as mathematical that consists numerous substructures with an inherent hierarchy. Across the hierarchy, there are far more small than large ones, while on ea...

The safety management of transportation system leads to decrease in a number of traffic accidents. Identification of the primary reasons in accident incidence is the initial step in controlling the crashes. The source of accidents is divided into 3 groups; namely, human, environment and traffic. Due to the complex nature of traffic accidents, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods can be...

in recent decades, extensive studies in order to achieve sustainable patterns of cities and settlements have done in the global arena. that two of the most important theory is urban village in the 80’s and timeless patterns of christopher alexander in the late 70s. jane jacobs and christopher alexander’s ideas, in many aspects provide the context for the idea of an urban village. urban village ...