BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Comparative studies across populations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) rely on a similar relationship between blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and neural activity. However, in elderly and patients with cerebrovascular disease, impaired cerebrovascular dynamics and neurovascular coupling may explain differences in BOLD contrast across populatio...

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in childhood is associated with impaired functioning in multiple cognitive domains: executive functioning (EF), reward and timing. Similar impairments have been described for adults with persistent ADHD, but an extensive investigation of neuropsychological functioning in a large sample of adult patients is currently lacking. We systematically exam...

Cell population heterogeneity can affect cellular response and is a major factor in drug resistance. However, there are few techniques available to represent and explore how heterogeneity is linked to population response. Recent high-throughput genomic, proteomic, and cellomic approaches offer opportunities for profiling heterogeneity on several scales. We have recently examined heterogeneity i...

The pencil-beam algorithm is valid only when elementary Gaussian beams are small enough compared to the lateral heterogeneity of a medium, which is not always true in actual radiotherapy with protons and ions. This work addresses a solution for the problem. We found approximate self-similarity of Gaussian distributions, with which Gaussian beams can split into narrower and deflecting daughter b...

There was an error published in ‘The many faces of hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity’ by Mihaela Crisan and Elaine Dzierzak (2016). Development 143, 4571-4581 (doi: 10.1242/dev.114231). Acknowledgement of funding from the European Research Council was inadvertently omitted. The revised Funding section appears below. The authors apologise to readers for this mistake. Funding Work in our labo...

Fig 2 is a duplicate of Fig 1. The authors have provided a corrected version of Fig 2 here. access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly invasive primary brain tumor that almost systematically recurs despite aggressive therapies. One of the most challenging problems in therapy of GB is its extremely complex and heterogeneous molecular biology. To explore this heterogeneity, we performed a genome-wide integrative screening of three molecular levels: genome, transcriptome, and methylome. We analyzed t...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153546.].

BACKGROUND Frameless immobilization allows for planning and quality assurance of intensity-modulated radiosurgery (IM-SRS) plans. We tested the hypothesis that IM-SRS planning with uniform tissue density corrections results in dose inaccuracy compared to heterogeneity-corrected algorithms. METHODS Fifteen patients with tumors of the pituitary or cavernous sinus underwent frameless IM-SRS. Tre...

We propose tests of the two assumptions under which anchoring vignettes identify heterogeneity in reporting of categorical evaluations. Systematic variation in the perceived difference between any two vignette states is sufficient to reject vignette equivalence. Response consistency - the respondent uses the same response scale to evaluate the vignette and herself - is testable given sufficient...