BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder caused by loss of tolerance to self-antigens, the production of autoantibodies and deposition of complement-fixing immune complexes (ICs) in injured tissues. SLE is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations and targeted organs, with lupus nephritis being one of the most serious complications. The complement s...

this study was carried out to determine the prevalence and type of renal lesions in cattle that were slaughtered at the ghaem (shahriar) and ziaran (ghazvin) abattoirs. a total number of 405 clinically normal cattle were randomly selected and renal samples were taken for histopathological study. the cattle were divided into two groups according to sex, and female groups were divided into two ag...

BACKGROUND The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare's first report into acute kidney injury demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence of acute-tubulo interstitial nephritis, the ICD-10 code representing both acute interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis, in women aged less than 55 years. In contrast, recent case series have reported rising rates of drug induced acute intersti...

These studies, like all studies of the kidney, are difficult of interpretation because of the impossibility of producing a pure glomerular or pure tubular nephritis. Arsenic nephritis in its early stage is physiologically a vascular nephritis, but anatomically tubular, and shows in this stage almost no retention of nitrogen, although studies of urinary nitrogen indicate an increased catabolism....

We read with interest the article " Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in adults " by López Meiller et al. 1 They reported 3 adult patients with Henoch-Schönlein nephritis (HSN) (one with hematuria and two with heavy proteinuria) who were treated with IV cyclophosphamide (1g/m²/month for six months). 1 Although the treatments of severe Henoch-Schönlein nephritis still remains controversial, oral cyclopho...

the hereditary ataxias comprise a wide spectrum of heterogeneous disorders that share three features: ataxia, involvement of cerebellum or its connections, and heritability. in many hereditary ataxias, the underlying gene mutations have been identified. knowledge of the causative mutations allows a rational classification of hereditary ataxias as autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or mater...

BACKGROUND Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), also commonly referred to as lupus, is a rare, but sometimes, fatal disease, that primarily affects young women. Lupus nephritis, a common manifestation of lupus, is more common and more devastating in patients of minority race/ethnicity. Patients have negative views of immunosuppressive drugs for lupus nephritis due to a concern about side effects...