Herbal supplement-induced liver injury represents a growing concern in the body of drug-induced (DILI) literature, with recent studies mainland China, Iceland, and United States reporting estimated rates herb/dietary (HILI) between 1.16-6.38 per 100,000 (Björnsson et al., 2013; Shen 2019; Vega 2017). Notably, 2020 study demonstrated an increasing prevalence hepatotoxicity secondary to herbal di...

Network pharmacology is becoming a cutting-edge research field in current drug discovery and drug development thanks to rapid progress in systems biology, network biology, and chemical biology. By integrating reductionist and systems approaches as well as computational and experimental methods, network pharmacology has great potential to act as the next generation mode of drug research. Network...

Natural products are gaining increased applications in drug discovery and development. Being chemically diverse they are able to modulate several targets simultaneously in a complex system. Analysis of gene expression becomes necessary for better understanding of molecular mechanisms. Conventional strategies for expression profiling are optimized for single gene analysis. DNA microarrays serve ...

Herbal medicines have enormous presence world wide. Herbs are listed under the "supplement" category by the food and Drug Administration in the USA. The Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act signed into law in October 1994, requires no proof of efficacy, no demonstration of safety, and sets no standards for quality control for the products labeled as "supplements" thereby increasing the r...

Medicinal plants constitute a source of raw materials for both traditional systems of medicine (e.g. Ayurvedic, Chinese, Unani, Homeopathy, and Siddha) and modern medicine. Nowadays, plant materials are employed throughout the industrialized and developing world as home remedies, over-the-counter drugs, and ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry. As such, they represent a substantial propo...

1. Miettinen TA, Railo M, Lepäntalo M, Gylling H. Plant sterols in serum and in atherosclerosis plaques of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1749–801. 2. Miettinen TA, Gylling H. Effect of statins on noncholesterol sterol levels: implications for use of plant stanols and sterols. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:40D–6D. 3. De Jongh S, Lilien MR, op’t Roodt J, Stroes ES, ...

objective:  unaccustomed and intense eccentric exercise is a common cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (doms). there are multiple remedies for the treatment of doms, but its clinical and laboratory pieces of evidence are scarce. currently, the treatments proposed for doms are numerous and include pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies, stretching, massage, nutritional supplements, and other alter...

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) is a rare adverse drug reaction that occasionally leads to acute liver failure or even death. An aging population that uses more drugs, a constant influx of newly developed drugs, and a growing risk from herbal and dietary supplements of uncertain quality can lead to an increase in iDILI. Antimicrobials, central nervous system agents, and herbal a...

The Herbal Vendors are the mobile tribal medicineman seen selling crude medicinal plants and their products on the busy streets of many Indian cities. They give herbal treatment for many human ailments and diseases especially the more difficult and chronic ones. They claim to have herbal remedies for some gynaecological disorders in women such as Menorrhagia, leucorrhoea and also to restore fer...

Essential oils are a common group of bioactive compounds, yet their standardisation remains relevant. The aim the study was to compare pharmacopoeial approaches herbal drugs and drug preparations containing essential using examples State Pharmacopoeia Russian Federation (14th edition) European (10th edition). advantages include testing for additional groups compounds that contribute significant...