Sensitivity to rubella virus hemagglutination differs considerably with newborn as opposed to adult erythrocytes (RBC) in several animal species. In humans, cord RBC are 16 times more sensitive to hemagglutination, whereas hemagglutination titers with newborn RBC are 6 to 16 times higher in chickens, mice, and rabbits. This higher sensitivity is, however, short-lived, and adult RBC values are o...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Molecular mimicry was found in the case of Citrobacter braakii O37, which shares epitopes with human erythrocytes. It is believed that erythrocyte-membrane proteins band 3 and glycophorin A (GPA) have common epitopes. Band 3 was recognized by the anti-C. braakii O37 lipopolysaccharide antibodies (LPS-Abs) purified on LPS-affinity columns. This study aimed to investigate t...

Protein nanoparticles such as virus-like particles (VLPs) can be obtained by recombinant protein production of viral capsid proteins and spontaneous self-assembling in cell factories. Contrarily to infective viral particles, VLPs lack infective viral genome while retaining important viral properties like cellular tropism and intracellular delivery of internalized molecules. These properties mak...

The sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody to influenza B virus was compared with that of the hemagglutination inhibition test on acute- and convalescence-phase sera obtained from adults and children infected with influenza B virus. Two whole virus, tissue culture-grown antigen preparations were used in the ELISA, influenza B/West Virginia/81 a...

The hemagglutination inhibition test is commonly used for the identification of newly isolated influenza viruses. In this laboratory several difficulties frequently were encountered in typing these new strains after primary isolation by means of this technique. These drawbacks were: (1) Some newly isolated strains are susceptible to nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination (Francis, Salk, and...

Kunin, Calvin M. (University of Virginia, Charlottesville) and Mary V. Beard. Serological studies of O antigens of Escherichia coli by means of the hemagglutination test. J. Bacteriol. 85:541-548. 1963.-The serological interrelationships among most of the known O antigens of Escherichia coli were studied by the hemagglutination test. Good agreement with the bacterial agglutination test was foun...

The occurrence of a local production in the central nervous system (CNS) of antibodies against different selected viruses was analyzed by comparison of titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from groups of 50 patients with multiple sclerosis from Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Measles antibodies were determined in hemagglutination inhibition, hemolysis inhibition, and nucleocapsid comple...

An indirect hemagglutination test for a seroepidemiological survey of Streptococcus pyogenes infection was standardized. This is an improved modification of the indirect hemagglutination test which utilizes an unstable reagent prepared with fresh blood cells. Two types of bacterial antigens represented by extracellular products and purified streptolysin O were assayed, but only the former antig...

Antibodies to streptococcal extracellular products were detected in rabbit sera by passive hemagglutination tests as early as 1 week after intravenous injection of live group A streptococci (strain C203S). Using these antibodies in immunoadsorbent columns, we prepared an antigenic fraction from crude concentrates of streptococcal extracellular products. The specific activity of this fraction in...

A group of 120 sera from blood donors was screened by complement fixation and commercially available immunofluorescence, solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect hemagglutination tests. Twenty-four of the sera were positive by three or more of the five tests and judged to be true positives; 89 were negative by three or more of the tests and considere...