We construct a prescriptive, bubble power-counting basis of one-loop integrands suitable for representing amplitude in less-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. With the exception massless bubbles, all have unambiguous, leading singularities as coefficients defined field theory; bubbles on external legs, we find two natural choices which lead to different that highlight distinct aspects For concre...

We present the implementation of the dipole subtraction formalism for the real radiation contributions to any next-to-leading order QCD process in the MadGraph/MadEvent framework. Both massless and massive dipoles are considered. Starting from a specific (n+1)-particle process the package provides a Fortran code for all possible dipoles to all Born processes that constitute the subtraction term...

In order to simulate global magnetogydrodynamic phenomena in tokamaks, a new gyrokinetic PIC (particle-in-cell) code, Gpic-MHD, is developed. Gpic-MHD is written in cylindrical geometry and has single-helicity (two-dimensional) version and multi-helicity (three-dimensional) version. The kinetic internal kink mode is successfully simulated and compared with the results of gyro-reduced-MHD (GRM) ...

Bethe-Salpeter equation for the massive particles with spin 1 is considered. The scattering amplitude decomposition of the particles with spin 1 by relativistic tensors is derived. The transformation coefficients from helicity amplitudes to invariant functions is found. The integral equations system for invariant functions is obtained and partial decomposition of this system is performed. Equiv...

Quantum field theory of space-like particles is investigated in the framework of absolute causality scheme preserving Lorentz symmetry. It is shown that tachyons are associated with unitary orbits of Poincaré mappings induced from SO(2) little group instead of SO(2, 1) one. Therefore the corresponding elementary states are labelled by helicity. A particular case of the helicity λ = ± 1 2 is inv...

Helicity, a topological degree that measures the winding and linking of vortex lines, is preserved by ideal (barotropic) fluid dynamics. In context Hamiltonian description, helicity Casimir invariant characterizing foliation associated Poisson manifold. invariants are special depend on bracket, not particular choice Hamiltonian. The total mass (or particle number) another invariant, whose invar...

Since the particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle invariance in this paper. But difficulties arise immediately because for fermion we use Dirac equation, for meson we use Klein-Gordon equation and for classica...

Since particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle invariance in this paper. But difficulties arise immediately because for fermion we use the Dirac equation, for meson we use the Klein-Gordon equation and for clas...

1. Abstract The most fundamental to the elementary particle is the mass they posses and it would be of importance to explore a possible relationship amongst their masses. Here, an attempt is made to investigate this important aspect irrespective of their nature or scheme of classification. We show that there exists a striking tendency for successive mass differences between elementary particles...