BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Extracellular volume (ECV) is the fluid contained in all noncellular compartments of the body and is a quantity tightly controlled by the kidney. Thus, there is a strong link between ECV and kidney function. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS & MEASUREMENTS The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study uses injected iohexol to obtain direct measures of GFR. Direct c...

We formulate function field analogues for the PinkZilber Conjecture and for the Bounded Height Conjecture. The “special” varieties in our formulation are varieties defined over the constant field. We prove our function field Pink-Zilber Conjecture for all subvarieties, and we prove our function field Bounded Height Conjecture for a certain class of curves. We explain that for our problems the a...

We study the crossover scaling behavior of the height-height correlation function in interface depinning in random media. We analyze experimental data from a fracture experiment and simulate an elastic line model with nonlinear couplings and disorder. Both exhibit a crossover between two different universality classes. For the experiment, we fit a functional form to the universal crossover scal...

ABSTRACT It is well established from cosmological simulations that dark matter (DM) haloes are not precisely self-similar and an additional parameter, beyond their concentration, required to accurately describe spherically averaged mass density profiles. We present, for the first time, a model consistently predict both halo c, this ‘shape’ ?, of given redshift specified cosmology. Following rec...

We consider the shallow water equation and the vorticity equations for a variable height of topography. On the assumptions that the atmosphere is incompressible and a constant density, we simplify the coupled dynamic equations. The change in topographic height is handled as the sum of the inherent and changing topography using the perturbation method, together with appropriate boundary conditio...

The interpretation of pulmonary function tests relies on reference values corrected for age, sex and height. Height may be difficult to measure in patients with deformities of the thoracic cage or those unable to stand up properly. Current practice is to substitute arm span to height, once corrected either by a fixed factor or by an age- and sex-dependent regression equation. However arm span m...

INTRODUCTION Our aim was to estimate the longitudinal effect of Socioeconomic status (SES) on lung function growth of Mexican children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of Mexican children in third grade of primary school was followed with spirometry twice a year for 6 years through secondary school. Multilevel mixed-effects lineal models were fitted for the spirometric variable...

Hence, distributions of height and (maturational) age for gender differ considerably and adjustments by linear regression cannot alter this: comparisons remain difficult. Secular trends further complicate such analyses.2 3 Because the height-lung function relationship during puberty is complex and varies with age and gender,4 5 it is desirable to study the sexes before and after attaining adult...

BACKGROUND Measured reductions in lung function, as a result of COPD, use a measured current value and make comparisons to a determined 'normal' value arrived at using a regression equation based upon a patients height. Osteoporosis is a recognised co-morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may cause excessive height loss resulting in the 'normal' values and ...

biodiesel fuel, which is produced by transesterification reaction between alcohol and vegetable oil/animal fat is proposed as a clean alternative to petro diesel fuel. today, one of the new technologies to produce biodiesel is using ultrasonic energy that makes production faster, with improved quality and less expensive. various factors that affect the design of ultrasonic reactors are ratio of...