Satoru Inoue, Grigory Ovanesyan, and Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA (Received 15 September 2015; published 22 J...

uPAR's signaling two step T he uPA receptor (uPAR) is a loner. Jutting from the plasma membrane , it has no apparent connection to the cell interior. But, as Madsen et al. demonstrate on page 927, uPAR induces cells to cling tightly to a surface. The behavior might recruit other receptors and explain how the seemingly isolated uPAR exerts its infl uence. Stimulating uPAR galvanizes cells—they a...

In recent years, several new methods for the identiica-tion of approximate models of an open loop plant on the basis of closed loop data have been presented. In this paper, we extend such a method to the nonlinear case: we consider that both the plant and the controller can be nonlinear. The method that is considered is a two-step procedure, i.e. the sensitivity function of the closed loop syst...

We present sufficient convergence conditions for two-step Newton methods in order to approximate a locally unique solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space setting. The advantages of our approach under the same computational cost over other studies such as [9–25] for the semilocal convergence case are: weaker sufficient convergence conditions, more precise error bounds on the distances...

An important stage in macromolecular crystallography is that of phase extension and refinement when initial phase estimates are available from isomorphous replacement or anomalous scattering or other methods. For this purpose, an alternative method called the twin variables (TwiV) method has been proposed. The algorithm is based on alternately transferring the phase information between the twin...

Dolutegravir, cabotegravir, and bictegravir are three integrase inhibitors, which were used for HIV-1 in the clinic. In this paper, a continuous three-step synthetic strategy was developed to prepare dolutegravir, better yield, compared initial step-by-step procedure. Different solvents, temperature, times optimized. course of industrial production active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), protoc...