The time scale for cooling of the gravitationally bound gaseous intracluster medium (ICM) is not determined by radiative processes alone. If the ICM is in quasi-hydrostatic equilibrium in the fixed gravitational field of the dark matter halo then energy losses incurred by the gravitational potential energy of the gas should also be taken into account. This “gravitational heating” has been known...

Nanocrystalline thin film of Na0.1V2O5.nH2O xerogel obtained by sol gel synthesis was used as gas sensor. Gas sensing properties of different gases such as hydrogen, petroleum and humidity were investigated. Applying XRD and TEM the size of the nanocrystals is found to be 7.5 nm. SEM shows a highly porous structure with submicron meter-sized voids present throughout the sample. FTIR measurement...

Submitted to ApJ Letters, 1996 June 15 ASCA and ROSAT X-ray data are used to obtain a two-dimensional map of the gas temperature in the Triangulum Australis cluster of galaxies. We find that this hot (Te = 10.3 ± 0.8 keV) system displays a temperature peak (> 12 keV) at the cluster core and an asymmetric temperature decline with radius. The temperature rise toward the center approximately corre...

The increasing demand for sufficient and clean energy forces industrial and service companies to align their strategies towards efficient consumption. This trend refers also to the residential building sector. There, large amounts of energy consumption are caused by house and facility heating. Many of the operated hot water heating systems lack hydraulic balanced working conditions for heat dis...

This s tudy a s se s se s the energy savings and cost-effect iveness of individual retrofi t op t ions and packages of measu res in s ingle-family buildings, ba sed on analysis of me te red energy consumpt ion and actual installation costs. We present results for 14 individual shell, heating system, and water heating measures, as well as 21 electric utility weatherization programs. The data on ...

Received ; accepted – 2 – ABSTRACT Supernova explosions, and winds and energetic photon fluxes from young star clusters drive outflows and supersonic turbulence in the interstellar medium in galaxy disks, and provide broad spectrum heating which generates a wide range of thermal phases in the gas. Star formation, the source of the energy inputs, is itself regulated by heating and phase exchange...

Natural gas is currently the natural substitute of petroleum as an energy source, since the foreseen ending up of this latter in the next decades. As a matter of fact, natural gas is easier to handle, less dangerous to be transported, somehow environmentally more friendly. The gas ducts operate with large flow rates over very long distances at high pressures, which are usually lowered in proxim...

In this study, the energy consumption in the food and beverage industries of Iran was investigated. The energy consumption in this sector was modeled using artificial neural network (ANN), response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA). First, the input data to the model were calculated according to the statistical source, balance-sheets and the method proposed in this paper. It ...