A detailed numerical simulation of forced convection heat transfer occurring in silicon-based microchannel heat sinks has been conducted using a simplified three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model (2D fluid flow and 3D heat transfer). The micro-heat sink model consists of a 10 mm long silicon substrate, with rectangular microchannels, 57 lm wide and 180 lm deep, fabricated along the enti...

The effect of base temperature variation on the heat transfer from unsteady state annular heat sink of cooling microelectronic device. Three types of the base temperature variation equations are taken in the present study. The Sine wave variation, Cosine wave variation & exponential variation of the base temperature. The finite element technique based on Galerkin method with axisymmetric rectan...

The method of detailed balance, introduced by Shockley and Queisser, is often used to find an upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of semiconductor pn-junction based photovoltaics. Typically the solar cell is assumed to be at an ambient temperature of 300 K. In this paper, we describe and analyze the use of radiative cooling techniques to lower the solar cell temperature below the ambient...

Cooperative communication (CC) is a technique that exploits spatial diversity allowing multiple nodes to cooperatively relay signals to the receiver so that it can combine the received signals to obtain the original message. CC can be combined with topology control to increase connectivity at the cost of a small increase in energy consumption. This work focuses on exploring CC to improve the co...

Pyroelectric and dielectric properties of modified PZT and PZ have been studied for their use in infrared detectors. Various material figure-of-merits for their use in infrared detector are calculated including when the pyroelectric element is placed on heat-sink condition. The results are compared with exiting candidate materials.

Fiddler crabs are highly sexually dimorphic. Males possess one small (minor) feeding claw and one greatly enlarged (major) claw; females possess two small claws. The major claw is used to attract mates and for burrow defense, but it is costly for the male to possess. We tested the hypothesis that the major claw also functions as a thermoregulatory structure, a function that would allow males to...

We are given an acyclic directed graph with one source, and a subset of its edges which contains exactly one outgoing edge for every non-sink vertex. These edges determine a unique path from the source to a sink. We can think of it as a switch in every vertex, which determines which way the water arriving to that vertex flows further. We are interested in determining either the sink the flow ar...

We numerically investigate turbulent thermal convection driven by a horizontal surface of constant heat flux and compare the results with those of constant temperature. Below Ra≈ 10, where Ra is the Rayleigh number, when the flow is smooth and regular, the heat transport in the two cases is essentially the same. For Ra> 10 the heat transport for imposed heat flux is smaller than that for consta...

The Event Calculus of Kowalski and Sergot only deals with discrete change. This paper introduces a simplified version of the Event Calculus and extends it to deal with continuous change, as in the height of a falling object or the level of liquid in a filling vessel. The idea of autotermination is introduced. A period of continuous change autoterminates if it brings about the event which termin...

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) shares in the global energy market is steadily increasing. One possible application of LNG is as a fuel for transportation. Stricter air pollution regulations and emission controls have made the natural gas a promising alternative to liquid petroleum fuels, especially in the case of heavy transport. However, in most LNG-fueled vehicles, the physical exergy of LNG is ...