Addiction to drugs is strongly determined by multiple genetic factors. Alcohol and nicotine produce distinct pharmacological effects within the nervous system through discrete molecular targets; yet, data from family and twin analyses support the existence of common genetic factors for addiction in general. The mechanisms underlying addiction, however, are poorly described and common genetic fa...

C3MR, MFC, and DMR processes in an integrated LNG-NGL-NRU structure are investigated using the conventional and advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analyses. The results of advanced exergy analysis reveal that in most of the equipment, the highest amount of irreversibility is occurred because of endogenous exergy destruction. In C3MR process, compressor C5 with 9730 kW; in MFC process, compresso...

 In this paper, the performance of carbon nanocone as an ideal adsorbent and sensing material for tetryl was investigated by density functional theory. For this aim, the structures of tetryl, carbon nanocone and their complexes were optimized geometrically. Afterwards, IR and FMO computations were done on them. The obtained thermodynamic parameters showed the interaction of car...

The recently cloned vanilloid receptor (VR1) is postulated to account for heat and capsaicin sensitivity in unmyelinated afferents. We sought to determine whether heat and capsaicin sensitivity also coexist in myelinated nociceptive afferents. Action potential (AP) activity was recorded from single A-fiber nociceptors that innervated the hairy skin in monkey. Before intradermal injection of cap...

In this research, IR and frontier molecular orbital computations were employed for investigating the influence of B12N12 on the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of TATB. The Computed enthalpy changes and Gibbs free energy variations showed TATB interaction with this nanostructure is exothermic, spontaneous and experimentally possible. The specific ...

One of the biggest problems of spinal cord injuries (SCI) is neuropathic pain. Moreover, it is pointed out by several studies as one of the major difficulties for SCI patients. Nowadays, the current challenge is to understand the etiology of the neuropathic pain in SCI patients. The objective of this study is use from quantitative clinical trials to observe the differences between spinal cord i...

It has been demonstrated that kappa-2 opioid receptor agonists can inhibit the current that flows through the N-methyl-o-aspartate (NMDA) subclass of excitatory amino acid receptor. NMDA receptor antagonists have been shown to be effective antihyperalgesic agents when administered intrathecally into rats. Antihyperalgesia is defined as the ability to block enhanced sensitivity, usually produced...

Spoilage of heat processed food and beverage by heat resistant fungi (HRF) is a major problem for food industry in many countries. Neosartorya fischeri is the leading source of spoilage in thermally processed products. Its resistance to heat processing and toxigenicity makes studies about Neosartorya fischeri metabolism and chemical sensitivity essential. In this study chemical sensitivity of t...

BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRPα) is a classic marker of peptidergic nociceptive neurons and is expressed in myelinated and unmyelinated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Recently, we found that ablation of Cgrpα-expressing sensory neurons reduced noxious heat sensitivity and enhanced sensitivity to cold stimuli in mice. These studies suggested that the enhanced cold respons...