the aim of this study was to develop a derivative of chitosan as pharmaceutical excipient used in sustained-release matrix tablets of poorly soluble drugs. a water-soluble quaternary ammonium carboxymethylchitosan was synthesized by a two-step reaction with carboxymethylchitosan (cmcts), decylalkyl dimethyl ammonium and epichlorohydrin. the elemental analysis showed that the target product with...

The possibility of using an earth heat sink to absorb the waste heat from an underground power plant operating in a closed cycle was investigated. Preliminary calculations based upon a transient heat conduction analysis were carried out to determine the order of magnitude of dimensioas of the required heat sink. The calculations have shown that earth heat sinks may be practical and that they sh...

BACKGROUND Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OLAMs) are a class of endogenous agonists to the transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) receptor. Although TRPV1 mediates inflammatory heat hyperalgesia, it is not known if the OLAMs contribute to the peripheral activation of this receptor during tissue inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated whether the OLAM system is activated during in...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare superelastic and heat-activated nickel-titanium orthodontic wires' surface morphology and potential release of nickel ions following exposure to oral environment conditions. METHODS Twenty-four 20-mm-length distal cuts of superelastic (NiTi Force I®) and 24 20-mm-length distal cuts of heat-activated (Therma-Ti Lite®) nickel-titanium wires (American Ortho...

The role of phosphorylation in the dissociation of structural components of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) tegument was investigated, using an in vitro assay. Addition of physiological concentrations of ATP and magnesium to wild-type virions in the presence of detergent promoted the release of VP13/14 and VP22. VP1/2 and the UL13 protein kinase were not significantly solubilized. Howev...

Metabolic processes that release energy within the myocardium can be separated into aerobic metabolism, i.e., chemical reactions consuming O2, and anaerobic metabolism, defined here as chemical reactions not consuming 2, even though 02 may be present in the environment. The total energy that is set free by both types of process appears partially as heat within the myocardium and partially as me...

Description Thermal energy storage systems have been identified as a promising solution to reduce energy consumption by reducing the mismatch between heat demand and heat supply. Compared to other thermal energy storage systems, thermochemical storage (TCM) has some main advantages: it has a potential higher energy density and thermal energy can be stored for a long period without substantial h...

The Antarctic Peninsula has warmed significantly since the 1950s. This pronounced and isolated warming trend is collectively simulated by 29 twentiethcentury climate hindcasts participating in the version 3 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. To understand the factors driving warming trends in the hindcasts, we examine trends in Peninsula region’s atmospheric heat budget in every simulation....

The Earth’s surface processes are predominantly controlled by the interaction between the Earth’s internal heat and solar radiation. Surface heat-flow measurements reflect the increase in temperature with depth, which results in flow of the Earth’s internal heat from the core, through the mantle, to the surface. Heat-flow is highest in volcanically active regions and is lowest near oceanic tren...

In this experiment, we investigated the performance of two types of heat sink, swagedand extruded-type, used in the inverter of industrial electricity generator. The swaged-type heat sink has 62 fins, and the extruded-type has 38 fins having the same dimension as that of the swaged-type. But the extruded-type heat sink maintains the same heat transfer area by the laterally waved surface which h...