The interaction of thermal radiation with conduction and laminar natural convection in a vertical circular pin, situated at participating gas, is numerically investigated. An absorbing and emitting gas is considered, and treated to be a gray participating media. Under the idealizing of gray gas, the Rosselan4 approximation is employed to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. ...

We find a simple inflationary solution in an inhomogeneous spacetime with heat flux. The heat flux obeys a causal transport equation, and counteracts the inflationary decrease of energy density. At late times, the heat flux tends to zero and the fluid approaches the equation of state p = −ρ.

Sensible heat flux (H) plays an important role in characterizations of land surface water and heat balance. There are various types of H measurement methods that depend on observation scale, from local-area-scale eddy covariance (EC) to regional-scale large aperture scintillometer (LAS) and remote sensing (RS) products. However, methods of converting one H scale to another to validate RS produc...

in order to examine the laminar convective heat transfer of nanofluid, experiments carried out using silver-oil nanofluid in a concentric annulus with outer constant heat flux as boundary condition. silver-oil nanofluid prepared by electrical explosion of wire technique and observed no nanoparticles agglomeration during nanofluid preparation process and carried out experiments. the average size...

The present study used a new net surface heat flux (Qnet) product obtained from the Objective Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) project and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) to examine two specific issues—one is to which degree Qnet controls seasonal variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (20°S–20°N, east of 60°W), and the other is ...

This paper presents a study of the flow and thermal structures in the molten glass bath of a typical glass melting furnace with a throat but without air bubblers or electric boosting. Different separate effects on the flow structure of the glass melt are simulated, but only the glass melt is considered. The net heat flux distribution is imposed at the combustion space/glass melt interface, and ...

When sufficient energy is steadily supplied to a fluid, the ensuing dynamical behavior involves many spatial and temporal scales and energy is dissipated efficiently. For instance when sufficiently strong heat is supplied against the pull of gravity to a fluid, the heat flux due to fluid flow convection exceeds the heat flux due to molecular diffusion. The average of heat flux is quantified in ...

We examine the performance of several methods to estimate meteorological 1 inputs for modelling dispersion in urban areas during convective conditions. Sensible heat 2 flux, surface friction velocity and turbulent velocities are estimated from measurements of 3 mean wind speed and the standard deviation of temperature fluctuations at a single level on a 4 tower at two suburban sites and at one ...

Recent magnetic studies of Mars suggest hat (1) it possessed a periodically reversing magnetic field for the first -• 500 Myr of its existence and (2) plate tectonics may have been operating during this time. On Earth the geodynamo is thought to occur because of convection in the outer core. This paper estimates the amount of heat the Martian core can conduct in the absence of convection. It us...

Recent advances in heat flux measurement have produced a robust thermopile heat flux sensor intended for use in hypersonic flight research. The High Temperature Heat Flux Sensor (HTHFS) is capable of operation at sensor temperatures up to 1050°C with simultaneous measurement of thermopile surface temperature and heat flux. Customization of the sensor design allows implementation in a broad rang...