PURPOSE Serious heat illness has received considerable recent attention due to catastrophic heat waves in the United States and Europe, the deaths of high-profile athletes, and military deployments. METHODS This study documents heat illness hospitalizations and deaths for the U.S. Army from 1980 through 2002. Hospitalization data were obtained from the Total Army Injury Health Outcomes Databa...

health effects of a hot environment on outdoor workers at a construction site 1) and thermal limits of men in moderate to heavy work in tropical farming 2). Both studies highlighted the importance of heat stress for outdoor workers and the implementation of administrative and engineering controls to reduce heat stress exposure. Our interest in this topic is in relation to agricultural workers i...

Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) are economically and environmentally advantageous for the heating and cooling of buildings, provided that the long-term sustainability of the thermal exploitation of the soil is ensured. In particular, the performance of a closed-loop Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) strongly depends on the geometrical and physical properties of its components and on the thermo-hydr...

This article presents a bottom-up approach for calculation of the useful heat demand for space heating and hot water preparation using geo-referenced datasets for buildings at the city level. This geographic information system (GIS) based approach was applied in the case study for the city of Krakow, where on the one hand the district heat network is well developed, while on the other hand ther...

PROBLEM/CONDITION Heat stress illness (HSI), also known as heat-related illness, comprises mild heat edema, heat syncope, heat cramps, heat exhaustion (the most common type of HSI), and heat stroke (the most severe form). CDC's Environmental Public Health Tracking Program receives annual hospitalization discharge data from 23 states that are used to assess and monitor trends of HSI hospitalizat...

INTRODUCTION Heat illness has not declined in the U.S. military despite preventive measures. The increase in overweight recruits entering the U.S. military may lead to an increase in heat-related events. This study compares the risk of heat illness among U.S. Army recruits who exceeded body fat standards at accession to those who met standards. METHODS Recruits with excess body fat and qualif...

Intermittent operation can improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. In this paper, an analytical solution to analyze the geo-temperature restoration performance under intermittent operation of borehole heat exchanger (BHE) fields is established. For this purpose, the moving finite line source model is combined with the g-function and the superposi...

The necessity of high effectiveness in a small volume has led to the development of perforated plate matrix heat exchangers (MHE) for cryogenic applications. Although the basic principles have remained the same, the techniques of fabrication and bonding have changed considerably during the last four decades. With the introduction of all metal construction, these exchangers are finding increasin...

A numerical study has been carried out on the momentum and heat transfer characteristics of an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer slip flow over a flat plate with both viscous and ohmic dissipations. Momentum boundary layer equation takes care of the magnetic field while the ohmic and viscous dissipations are accounted for by the thermal boundary layer equation. The governing equ...

In order to study the heat transfer characteristics, a micro heat pipe (MHP) of circular geometry having inner diameter 1.8 mm and length 150 mm is designed and fabricated. An experimental investigation is carried out also to investigate the performance of the MHP with different experimental parameters. These experimental parameters include inclination angle, coolant flow rate, working fluid an...