in this paper the optimal control of boundary heat flux in a 2-d solid body with an arbitrary shape is performed in order to achieve the desired temperature distribution at a given time interval. the boundary of the body is subdivided into a number of components. on each component a time-dependent heat flux is applied which is independent of the others. since the thermophysical properties are t...

Heat flux plates are commonly used to measure soil heat flux, a component of the surface energy balance. The plate method is simple and precise, but several previous studies have demonstrated the potential for relatively large errors. Here we present the results of in situ tests of the plate method, and we describe some promising alternative methods. Summertime soil heat flux was measured with ...

This paper reports on the development and evaluation of a novel hybrid method for obtaining heat flux measurements. By combining spatial and temporal temperature measurements, it is shown that both the time response and accuracy of a heat flux sensor can be improved. This hybrid method was shown to increase the time response of a heat flux sensor mounted on a high conductivity material by a fac...

The radiant time series method is a new method for performing design cooling load calculations, derived from the heat balance method. It effectively replaces all other simplified (non-heat-balance) methods such as the cool#zg load temperature difference~solar cooling load~cooling load factor method (CLTD/SCL/CLF), the total equivalent temperature difference~time averaging method (TETD/TA), and ...

to design equipment and facilities to dry, preserve and process pomegranates, it is necessary to know their specific heat and thermal conductivity. the objectives of this study were to determine the specific heat and thermal conductivity of pomegranates and develop mathematical estimation models for them. the effects of moisture content (15-75% w.b.) and temperature (5-20°c) on the thermal prop...

In this paper a numerical method is used to study the unsteady state natural convection heat transfer within a confined porous media with uniform internal heat generation. The governing equations based on the Darcy model and Bossiness approximations are solved, using the finite difference Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. The developed program was used to simulate natural convection ...

Cytogenetic alterations induced by arsenite are associated with its carcinogenic activity. Cytogenetic analysis revealed first that arsenite induced c-anaphases in a time- and dose-dependent manner in human fibroblasts (HFW). With additional incubation of arsenite-arrested mitotic cells in drug-free medium for 0-48 h, approximately 35% exited from mitosis without cell division. This was confirm...