Sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone are responsible for physiological changes in women at specific phases of their life. Menopause is associated with symptoms of estrogen deficiency. Estradial levels fall gradually in the years before menopause. Levels of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) begin to rise and the levels of sex hormones begin to fluctuate. This ...

Proteinase-activated receptors 1 (PAR1) and 2 (PAR2) are the most highly expressed members of the PAR family in the periodontium. These receptors regulate periodontal inflammatory and repair processes through their activation by endogenous and bacterial enzymes. PAR1 is expressed by the periodontal cells such as human gingival fibroblasts, gingival epithelial cells, periodontal ligament cells, ...

Embolization of the maxillary artery (MA) is a common treatment modality for refractory epistaxis. Tissue necrosis after embolization of the MA is a rare complication. Here, we reported the first case of the development of necrosis of soft tissue and alveolar bone in the periodontium after embolization. A 48-year-old man with poor oral hygiene and a heavy smoking habit was referred to our clini...

Periodontal diseases are among the most frequent diseases affecting children and adolescents. These include gingivitis, localized or generalized aggressive periodontitis (a.k.a., early onset periodontitis) and periodontal diseases associated with systemic disorders. The effects of periodontal diseases observed in adults have earlier inception in life period. Gingival diseases in a child may pro...

Introduction Periodontal tissue is a complete and complex system not only includes cementum/periodontal complex, but also periodontal/alveolar complex which is more significant for tooth regeneration. Numerous therapeutic measures have been utilized over the years in an attempt to achieve predicable periodontal regeneration. However, limitations of current regeneration modalities in both predic...

The advancement of molecular mediators or biologic agents has increased tremendously during the last decade in periodontology and dental implantology. Implant site development and reconstruction of the lost periodontium represent main fields in which these molecular mediators have been employed and investigated. Different growth factors trigger different reactions in the tissues of the periodon...

This case report describes a 13-year-old boy with alveolar bony defect resulted from surgical removal of impacted upper canine transposed in the anterior region. The boy had a normal occlusion with malposition of upper central and lateral incisors. The treatment objectives were to align teeth, close spaces by mesial movement of the buccal segments in the upper jaw to repair bone loss. Fixed app...

Periodontitis is a disease of the periodontium, characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment and supporting the alveolar bone. Therefore, to regenerate these lost tissues of the periodontium researchers have included a variety of surgical procedures including grafting materials growth factors and the use of barrier membranes, ultimately resulting into regeneration that is biologically ...

introduction: periodontal disease, an inflamma- tory and infectious disease in adults and anemia associated with chronic infection, is one of the most common types of anemia. considering the similarity of pathogens causing periodontal dis ease and anemia, this study aims to investigate the correlation between hematologic para meters associated with anemia and modera te chronic periodontitis. ma...

The results of several recent cross-sectional and longitudinal human epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a statistical link between the occurrence of destructive periodontal disease in the oral cavity and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Several theories have been advanced to explain the association of the two diseases. However, it is not presently known if periodontitis plays a...