background and objectives: many iranian public hospitals are faced with serious financial challenges such as shortage of income and heavy debts. nevertheless, many of the healthcare services are often remained unearned for not being included in the clinical records or patient bill, resulting in considerable loss of legitimate hospital in­come. given the limited studies in this area in iran, the...

most children in hospital have pain. seeing your child in pain or discomfort is incredibly difficult. pain in children is a public health concern of major significance in most parts of the world. we have learned that unrelieved pain causes the body to release certain chemicals that may actually delay healing, so it's important to work with child's nurses and doctors to help children f...

craniofacial  anomalies  include  clefts,  synostoses,  atrophic  abnormalities,neoplasias etc. among which cleft lip and/or palate caused by abnormal facial development during gestation is one of the most prevalent congenital defects. its overall occurrence is about 1:700 ranging from 0.02 to 4.04 in 1000 live births. there are different etiologic factors considering the cleft cause. in most c...

The administration of (biologically-derived) drugs for various disease conditions involves consumption of resources that constitutes a direct monetary cost to healthcare payers and providers. An often ignored cost relates to a mismatch between patients' preferences and the mode of drug administration. The "intangible" benefits of giving patients what they want in terms of the mode of drug deliv...

1 John A. Drew Professor of Healthcare Administration, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 2 Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] The authors who presently serve in administrative leadership positions in graduate education have both previously served as directors of undergrad...

Erik Wolf, M.S. , Jonathan Pearlman, M.S. , Rory A. Cooper, Ph.D., Shirley G. Fitzgerald, Ph.D., Annmarie Kelleher, M.S., O.T.R./L, A.T.P., Diane M. Collins, Ph.D., O.T.R./L., Michael L. Boninger, M.D. , Rosemarie Cooper, M.P.T., A.T.P. 1,2,4 and David R. Smith Departments of Rehabilitation Science & Technology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, and Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh, Pi...

Parents of pediatric cancer patients experience uncertainty with regards to cancer-related pain. Parental pain management at home is very important in managing the overall symptoms of pediatric cancer patients. It is very important to investigate the relationship between parental anxiety and pain medication use. Studies have suggested that more anxious parents tend to experience more symptoms o...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clinical practices in oxygen administration are in need of change based on the increasing understanding of oxygen toxicity. Hypoxemia is due to many pathophysiological causes; avoiding hypoxemia is an important objective during neonatal anesthesia. Nevertheless, the only known cause for hyperoxemia is the excess and unnecessary administration of oxygen by healthcare providers....

The use of oxytocin, a high-alert medication, has increased dramatically in recent years as induction rates have risen. Methods for administration of oxytocin and subsequent outcomes have long been a source of debate. Furthermore, one of the leading causes of obstetrical liability claims involves the administration of oxytocin leading to tachysystole. This article describes how a collaborative ...