Individuals with health insurance use more health care. One reason is that health care is cheaper for the insured. Additionally, having insurance can encourage unhealthy behavior via moral hazard. Previous work studying the effect of health insurance on medical utilization has mostly ignored behavioral changes due to having health insurance, and how that in turn affects medical utilization. Thi...

T. Bredfeldt Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, MC-168, P.O Box 13087, Austin, TX 78711-3087, USA e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Hazard identification is considered an early step in the risk assessment process. The primary goal of this step is to determine whether exposure to a chemical is likely to cause a specific adverse health effect in humans. The process of hazard ide...

To conduct exposure-based assessments of possible noncancer or cancer health hazards from oral exposures to mixtures of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, hexachlorobenzene, p,p’-DDE, methylmercury, and PCBs, component-based approaches are recommended, because there are no direct data available to characterize health hazards (and dose-response relationships) from exposure to the mixture. In addition, PBPK/PD models...

Background: The concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues and organs of fishes indicate the concentrations of heavy metals in water and their accumulation in food chains. In the present study, the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, V and Pb in three common species of fish and the potential health risks to local residents via consumption of the fishes were estimated.  Methods: The con...

Heavy metals are known to cause deleterious effects on human health through food chain. Human health risks were evaluated from consumption of heavy metal contaminated fish from Buriganga River in Bangladesh. Whole body of five fish species (Puntius ticto, Puntius sophore, Puntius chola, Labeo rohita and Glossogobius giuris) were analyzed which contained various concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, Cr,...

To conduct exposure-based assessments of possible noncancer or cancer health hazards from oral exposures to mixtures of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, hexachlorobenzene, p,p’-DDE, methylmercury, and PCBs, component-based approaches are recommended, because there are no direct data available to characterize health hazards (and dose-response relationships) from exposure to the mixture. In addition, PBPK/PD models...

This paper describes the framework used by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to assess the risks to animal health associated with biotechnology-derived animals and their products. In Canada the risks to animal health associated with biotechnology-derived animals are one consideration among several other regulatory concerns (e.g. human health, the environment). The risk analysis process begins...