Ideal "smart" nanoparticles for drug delivery should enhance therapeutic efficacy without introducing side effects. To achieve that, we developed a drug delivery system (HCN) based on a polymer-drug conjugate of poly[2-(pyridin-2-yldisulfanyl)]-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) and camptothecin with an intracellularly cleavable linker and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeting liga...

We present the first high-resolution, ground-based observations of HCN and C2H2 toward the T Tauri binary star system GV Tau. We detected strong absorption due to HCN 3 and weak C2H2 [ 3 and 2 þ ( 4 þ 5)0þ] absorption toward the primary (GV Tau S) but not the infrared companion. We also report CO column densities and rotational temperatures, and present abundances relative to CO of HCN/CO 0:6% ...

Hyperpolarization and Cyclic Nucleotide (HCN) -gated channels represent the molecular correlates of the "funny" pacemaker current (I(f)), a current activated by hyperpolarization and considered able to influence the sinus node function in generating cardiac impulses. HCN channels are a family of six transmembrane domain, single pore-loop, hyperpolarization activated, non-selective cation channe...

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) ion channels regulate the spontaneous firing activity and electrical excitability of many cardiac and neuronal cells. The modulation of HCN channel opening by the direct binding of cAMP underlies many physiological processes such as the autonomic regulation of the heart rate. Here we use a combination of X-ray crystallography and ele...

Please note that this opinion replaces the earlier version which contained an error in the 'conclusion and recommendation' section on page. 23. SUMMARY The Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food is asked to evaluate substances used as flavourings or present in flavourings or present in other food ingredients with flavouring properties...

Although high levels of KCN (53 micromoles per gram fresh weight of seed, corresponding to 3.2 millimolar) failed to block germination of lettuce seeds incubated in covered Petri dishes, the same levels totally blocked germination in sealed dishes. Inhibition was reversed by removing the seal. Placement of KCN remote from seeds also blocked germination in closed systems. Cyanide effectiveness w...

A new extensive ab initio rotation-vibration HCN/HNC line list is presented. The line list contains rotation-vibration energy levels, line frequencies, and line strengths for transitions between states with energy less than 18,000 cm 1 and with J 60. This line list greatly improves the quality and range of HCN/HNC data available. It is presently the most extensive and most accurate ab initio HC...

HCN channels comprise a small subfamily of proteins within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the HCN channel family includes four members (HCN1-4) that are expressed in the heart and in the nervous system. Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents produced by HCN channels (Ih, If or Iq), contribute to a wide range of physiological functions including cardiac and neuron...