OBJECTIVE To characterize mechanisms of hand contamination with faecal indicator bacteria and to assess the presence of selected pathogens on mothers' hands in Tanzania. METHODS A household observational study combined with repeated microbiological hand rinse sampling was conducted among 119 mothers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All hand rinse samples were analysed for enterococci and Escherich...

Recognition by Contrast-Enhanced, Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Angiography To the Editor: The magnetic resonance angiogram of the left hand shown by Wiesmann et al1 is an incomplete display of the arteries that is further confounded by venous contamination. From this image, one cannot conclude that “there is no evidence of vasculitis or arterial stenosis or occlusion.” Spatial resolutio...

We have read with great interest the minireview of Millar and colleagues concerning the risk of contamination of broadrange ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR (3). We completely agree with the authors that the high sensitivity of broad-range rDNA PCR could lead to false-positive results. As stated by Millar and colleagues, a critical analysis of the work flow and the obtained results is warranted, as is ...

background; foods have been many changes from production to tables and continuous control is necessary to maintain food safety and supply foods with good quality. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of some foods with high consumption in zanjan city during the 5 years from 2009 to 2013. methods; in a case-control descriptive study with an annually control program during 5 years fr...

Agriculture uses a huge variety and quantity of chemicals. If, on one hand, the goal is to increase productivity, on the other hand these products contaminate aquatic environments. Among these products, herbicides deserve greater attention in relation to contamination of aquatic environments due to their extensive use to weed control. This study was carried out because the effects of these mole...

Animal bites to the hand caused by dogs, cats and humans are common conditions that general practitioners, emergency physicians and hand surgeons encounter in their practice. These bites are prone to infection and represent great cost to the patient in terms of time, money and disability, if not treated optimally from the outset. Other than lacerations to the skin, injuries to the tendons, nerv...

We study the question of auction design in an IPV setting characterized by ambiguity. We assume that the preferences of agents exhibit ambiguity aversion; in particular, they are represented by the epsilon-contamination model. We show that a simple variation of a discrete Dutch auction can extract almost all surplus. This contrasts with optimal auctions under IPV without ambiguity as well as wi...