Using the “equivalent cores” approximation in combination with a Born-Haber cycle we calculate core-level binding energies for adsorbates on metal surfaces. Since accurate thermodynamic data are required for the molecule both in the initial and in the final state, we restrict our discussion to adsorbed carbon monoxide, surface species that contain nitrogen and the halogens bromine and iodine. R...

Fluorine is the 13 most abundant naturally occurring element in the Earth’s crust and is the lightest member of the halogens. It is the most electronegative and reactive of all the elements and as a result, elemental fluorine does not occur in nature but found as a fluoride mineral complexes. Exposure to fluoride beyond the recommended level for longer duration causes fluorosis. Several physica...

Monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystals were synthesized by a simplified method using iron chloride as precursor. In the presence of Cl ions, the as-produced iron oxide nanocrystals preferred a cubic shape with {100} facets exposed. The function of halogens including Cl and Br ions on stabilizing {100} facets of spinel structured iron oxides, rather than the regulation of thermolysis kinetics and ...

The effect of tautomerism on the mismatch discrimination was studied on 7-deazapurine and 8-aza-7-deazapurine analogues of isoguanosine. 7-Halogenated 7-deaza-2'-deoxyisoguanosines show better base pair discrimination than 2'-deoxyisoguanosine due to the more favored keto tautomer formation. 8-Aza-7-deazaisoguanosine and its 7-halogeno derivatives also show higher keto tautomer population than ...

have been analyzed for up to 40 major, minor, and trace elements. All data point to a clear distinction between these impact glasses and other tektites or impact glasses. e.g. from the Australasian strewn field. Halogens are generally enriched in the irghizites and zhamanshinites when compared to normal splash for tektites. with zhamanshinites enriched more than irghizites. The same holds also ...

century. The process involved polishing a silver coated copper plate, made photo sensitive by exposure to halogens, then exposed to light, and finally coated with gold. This complex, intricate process has yielded some of the most iconic images of the 19 th century. Unfortunately, in some instances plate interaction with storage materials have yielded objects ranging from pristine to disfigured....

Absolute two-photon detachment cross sections and photoelectron angular distribution are calculated for halogen negative ions within lowest-order perturbation theory. The Dyson equation method is used to obtain the outer np ground-state wave functions with proper asymptotic behavior P (r) ∝ exp(−κr), corresponding to correct (experimental) binding energies Eb = h̄ κ/2m. The latter is crucial for...

Halogen bonds have been identified in a series of ionic compounds involving bromonium and iodonium cations and several different anions, some also containing hypervalent atoms. The hypervalent bromine and iodine atoms in the examined compounds are found to have positive σ-holes on the extensions of their covalent bonds, while the hypervalent atoms in the anions have negative σ-holes. The positi...