in this thesis, phosphorus ylides [phbppy], [no2bppy] and [brbppy] have been synthesized through the formation of phosphonium salt and dihydrogenation, followed by the reaction of pd(oac)2 and the orthopalladated dinuclear complexes [pd(?-cl)(phbppy)]2, [pd(?-cl)(no2bppy)]2 and [pd(?-cl)(brbppy)]2 have been produced. the reaction of dinuclear complexes and bidentate ligands [l = bipy (2,2-bipyr...

چکیده مجموعه حاضر با هدف معرفی و ارائه ی توصیفی برای اصطلاحات رایج در دانش معنی شناسی تهیه شده است. برای دستیابی به چنین هدفی سعی بر آن بود تا صرفاً به واژگان نقش مند در شاخه ی عمده ی معنی شناسی زبانی توجه شود. در حوزه معنی شناسی زبانی، به اصطلاحات در شاخه ای از این دانش، یعنی معنی شناسی نظری (theoretical semantics) و آنچه معنی شناسی کاربردی (applied semantics) نامیده ایم، اشاره شود. و هدف از ت...

the skill of reading in english as a foreign language is an important and challenging one which is affected both by linguistic and extra linguistic factors. since vocabularies are part and parcel of every reading comprehension text, knowing enough vocabulary always facilitates this process. however, guessing strategy as one of the most important strategies has consistently ignored by language l...

The study of the source of the thoughts of great intellectualist and poets, and the extent to which they are adapted and manipulated in the works of our predecessors, helps us to better understanding and further the fundamentals of their thoughts. Jami is one of the famous poets of Iran ninth-century who has devoted numerous works to his poetry and prose. In this study, we have studied Haft Ovr...

some new water-soluble schiff base complexes of na2[m(5-so3-1,2-salophen)].nh2o; (5-so3-1,2-salophen = n,n’-bis(5-sulphosalicyliden)-1,2-phenylendiamine); na2[m(5-so3-2,3-salpyr)(h2o)n].2h2o; (5-so3-2,3-salpyr = n,n’-bis(5-sulphosalicyliden)-2,3-diaminopyridine); and na2[m(5-so3-3,4-salbenz)(h2o)n].nh2o; (5-so3-3,4-salbenz = n,n’-bis(5-sulphosalicyliden)-3,4-diaminobenzophenon); where m = cu, n...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...