The present study deals with the antibacterial activity of B. orientalis haemolymph against five bacterial strains namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The results of the present study showed the maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, moderate effects were observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus...

Holthuisana transversa (von Martens), a freshwater/land crab from arid areas of Australia, is an efficient bimodal breather. In water, resting MO2 (1-65^molg"^") and Vw ( lS^mlg" 1 h") at 25°C were lower than in other aquatic crabs whilst percentage extraction of oxygen was quite high (47 %). MO2 was not regulated at low ambient PQ2 but could be increased at least three times during exercise. N...

1. The 28Mg-measured net flux of magnesium from lumen-side to haemolymph-side of the isolated and short-circuited midgut was 1.97 +/- 0.28 mu-equiv cm(-2) /(-1) in 8 mM-Mg2+. 2. The magnesium-influx shows a delay before the tracer steady-state is attained, indicating the existence of a magnesium-transport pool equivalent to 6.7 mu-equiv/g wet weight of midgut tissue. 3. Magnesium depresses the ...

Experiments using Na-uptake and serial sampling techniques showed that during dehydration Na was taken up by the fat body in adult Periplaneta americana, but not in nymphs. Generally, accumulation of Na in the fat body was highest in animals which had little reserve lipid and in those which excreted the smallest amounts of Na during the dehydration period. Dehydration caused little change in th...

In the present study, expression of a newly identified Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus (GiPDV) gene encoding a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase (PDVPTP) was monitored in vivo in the parasitized host, L. dispar, using one step RT-PCR. Expression levels of the PDVPTP transcript were also evaluated in various host tissues at different times post parasitization (pp) using RT quantitative...

The tropical intertidal hermit crabs Clibanarius taeniatus and Clibanarius virescens were examined for differences in survival and physiological responses in low salinity. We found that C. taeniatus survived better in dilute seawater than C. virescens and that these species did not differ in their abilities to regulate haemolymph osmolarity, ionic concentration of the haemolymph or body fluid v...

The transepithelial electrical potential difference across the isolated midgut of Bombyx mori larvae is dependent on the presence of potassium and is unaffected by the addition of hexoses to perfusion media, whereas it is enhanced by alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the corresponding 2oxoacids, glutamine and malate. The midgut enzyme profile indicates that the substrates for the tricar...

1. Larvae of Aedes campestris ingest and absorb into their haemolymph large quantities of the sulphate-rich water in which they live, yet they are able to maintain the sulphate content of the haemolymph well below that of the environment. 2. Tracer experiments showed that sulphate regulation was not achieved by deposition of precipitates in the tissues. 3. In vitro preparations of Malpighian tu...

INTRODUCTION In preceding papers various aspects of the osmotic regulation of Artemia have been described (Croghan, 19586, c). The importance of the branchial mechanism excreting NaCl has been discussed (Croghan, 1958c), but it is clear that in order to maintain a haemolymph steady state in hypertonic media a mechanism for the active uptake of water must also be present. The gut epithelium appe...

Oral supplementation with potassium bromide (10, 20 and 40 ?g/ml) to fifth instar larvae of CSR2, CSR4 and CSR2xCSR4 crossbreed races of the silkworm, Bombyx mori resulted in a significant increase in the fat body glycogen in all the treated groups and in all the three races of the silkworm, B. mori. The fat body protein content was increased with 20 and 40 ?g/ml treated groups in CSR2 and CSR4...