There are theoretical foundations which allow hypothesizing on a positive association of life expectancy or retirement age with income. If both cannot be falsified, the relationship of income and the internal rate of return of a public pension system is not straight forward. By application of a partially linear model to micro data from the German public pension system, it is found that neither ...

Contradictory and missing outcomes are problems common to many qualitative comparative studies,based on the methodology of crisp-set QCA. They also occur in public policy analyses, e.g. if importantbackground variables are omitted or outcomes of new policies are technically censored. As a newsolution to these problems, this article proposes the use of three-valued modal logic, o...

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• I estimate labour supply effects of an Early Retirement (ER) programme. • I characterise paths towards retirement and take account of benefit substitution. • 50% of ER pensioners would be working at the age of 66.5 had ER not been an option. • 70% would be working at the age of 63 had the age limit been 64 rather than 62. • Most of the benefit substitution is from disability insurance benefit...

The effects of mineral deficiencies on plant growth have been studied for many years, but little use has been made of mineral deficiency as a tool for understanding the photosynthetic process. Hill reaction rates of chloroplasts from mineraldeficient plants were measured by Spencer and Possingham (1), who found lower rates per unit of chlorophyll in all deficiencies except iron. Kessler's (9) s...

The Implied Longevity Yield: A Note on Developing an Index for Life Annuities We develop an index for tracking the dynamic behavior of life (pension) annuity payouts over time, based on the concept of self-annuitization. Our implied longevity yield (ILY) value is de…ned equal to the internal rate of return (IRR) over a …xed deferral period that an individual would have to earn on their investab...

We revisit the 5D gravity model by Dvali, Gabadadze, and Porrati (DGP). In the model it was shown that even in 5D non-compact Minkowski space, the Newtonian gravity can emerge on a brane at short distance by introducing a brane-localized 4D Ricci scalar δ(z)M2 4 R̄4 in the action. Based on this idea, we construct simple setups in which graviton standing waves can arise, and we introduce a z deri...

Electrochemical investigations of the heme protein dehaloperoxidase (DHP) were undertaken. The motivation for this work lies in the unusual bifunctional nature of DHP, a globin-type protein found in the marine worm Amphitrite ornata. DHP is a monomeric hemoglobin that not only binds and transports dioxygen but that features a high level of peroxidase activity for the enzymatic detoxification of...