The increase in the oxidation state of the atmosphere during Earth history is well documented, but not the reasons for this process. The course of atmospheric evolution has been dominated by the effects of photosynthesis and by the composition of volcanic gases. The H2/H2O ratio of volcanic gases has remained essentially constant during most of Earth history. It is here proposed that their CO2/...

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, [Co(C20H14N4S)(H2O)2](NO3)2, comprises a [Co(C20H14N4S)(H2O)2]2+ cation and two NO3- anions. In the complex, [Co(C20H14N4S)(H2O)2]2+ cation, the tetra-dentate 6,6'-sulfanediylbis(2,2'-bi-pyridine) ligand coordinates to the CoII cation in the equatorial positions, while two water mol-ecules occupy the axial positions, forming a compressed octa-hedral CoN4O2...

Water-enhanced degradation of p-type low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors under negative bias temperature (NBT) condition is studied. H2O penetration into gate oxide network and the role of H2O during NBT stress are confirmed and clarified respectively. To prevent H2O diffusion, a combination of a layer of PECVD SiO2 and a layer of PECVD Si3N4 as passivation layers are ...

Introduction An understanding of how CO2 and H2O interact and affect each other’s behavior on adsorbent surfaces is essential for both theoretical study and industrial processes especially CO2 capture from wet flue gas streams. There are few reported studies on adsorption equilibrium for such a binary system. Rege and Yang [1] measured very low concentration of CO2/H2O vapor (<4.1% relative hum...

While the catalytic activity of some Ru-based polypyridine complexes in water oxidation is well established, the relationship between their chemical structure and activity is less known. In this work, the single site Ru complex [Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)—which can exist as either a cis isomer or a trans isomer—is investigated. While a difference in the catalytic activity of these ...

The design and application of an H2O/temperature sensor based on scanned calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy (CF-WMS) and a single tunable diode laser at 1.4 μm is presented. The sensor probes two H2O absorption peaks in a single scan and simultaneously retrieves H2O concentration and temperature by least-squares fitting simulated 1f-normalized 2f-WMS spectra to measured 2f/1f-W...

Electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve has been demonstrated as an effective approach to treating obstructive sleep apnea. The physiological effects of conventional modes of stimulation (i.e., genioglossus activation or whole XII nerve stimulation), however, have yielded inconsistent and only partial alleviations of hypopneic or apneic events. Although selective stimulation of th...

The growth dynamics of D2O ice in liquid H2O in a microfluidic device were investigated between the melting points of D2O ice (3.8 °C) and H2O ice (0 °C). As the temperature was decreased at rates between 0.002 °C/s and 0.1 °C/s, the ice front advanced but retreated immediately upon cessation of cooling, regardless of the temperature. This is a consequence of the competition between diffusion o...

Aquaporin 6 (AQP6) is unique among mammalian AQPs in being an anion channel with negligible water permeability. However, the point mutation Asn60Gly converts AQP6 from an anion channel into a water channel. In the present study of human AQP5, we mutated Leu51 (corresponding to residue 61 in AQP6), the side chain of which faces the central pore. We evaluated function in Xenopus oocytes by two-el...

The Borujerd complex of western Iran is composed of intrusions and their surrounding contact aureole, with, pegmatites and quartz veins. Pegmatites differ in mineralogy, origin and age, and two groups can be distinguished. The Older Pegmatites (about 120 Ma age) intruded contact metamorphic rocks from the early magmatic stage, while the Younger pegmatites (52-70 Ma age) formed during the late m...