One of the main reason of earth-dam breaks is inner erosion which is caused by washing fine soil particles and finally lead to seepage inside the dam. Seepage will decrease effective tension in the earth-dam's core and arching phenomena is occurred. More settlement of core than to shell is the consequence of arching and occurrence of cracking. In this paper, GeoStudio software based on finite e...

Beam broadening effects on the Doppler radar spectrum induced by alongand cross-radar-beam winds are theoretically investigated in this article. Analytical expression of beam broadening spectrum for a vertical beam subject to a constant vertical wind in the absence of horizontal wind is derived first. We find that the resultant beam broadening spectral shape is in an exponential form, rather th...

Few studies have documented the response of gravitropically curved organs to a withdrawal of a constant gravitational stimulus. The effects of stimulus withdrawal on gravitropic curvature were studied by following individual roots of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) through reorientation and clinostat rotation. Roots turned to the horizontal curved down 62 degrees and 88 degrees after 1 and 5 h, res...

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene (Gr), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), offer interesting opportunities for the implementation of vertical transistors for digital and high-frequency electronics. This paper reviews recent developments in this field, presenting the main vertical device architectures based on 2D/2D or 2D/3D material hetero...

background: daylight availability data are essential for designing effectively day lighted buildings. in respect to no available daylight availability data in iran, illuminance data on the south facing vertical surfaces were estimated using a proper method. methods: an illuminance measuring set was designed for measuring vertical illuminances for standard times over 15 days at one hour interval...

We present a method of helical long-period fiber grating (H-LPFG) fabrication by use of a CO2 laser for use as an optical torque sensor. A conventional optical fiber grating has periodic vertical index changes along its fiber axis, but a H-LPFG has a screw-type index modulation. The helical index modulation is obtained with the asymmetric index change caused by a single-side laser beam exposure...

We construct a one-parameter family of properly embedded minimal annuli in the Heisenberg group Nil3 endowed with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. These annuli are not rotationally invariant. This family gives a vertical half-space theorem and proves that each complete minimal graph in Nil3 is entire. Also, the sister surface of an entire minimal graph in Nil3 is an entire constant mean curv...

[1] The albedo of marine stratocumuli depends upon cloud liquid water content, droplet effective radius (re), and how these parameters vary with height. Using satellite data and shipborne data from the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) Stratocumulus Study, this study investigates the cloud re vertical variation for drizzling and nondrizzling clouds. Visible/near-infrared retrievals f...