OBJECTIVE The gut microbiota has been designated as an active regulator of glucose metabolism and metabolic phenotype in a number of animal and human observational studies. We evaluated the effect of removing as many bacteria as possible by antibiotics on postprandial physiology in healthy humans. METHODS Meal tests with measurements of postprandial glucose tolerance and postprandial release ...

The gut microbiome influences the development of the immune system of young mammals; the establishment of a normal gut microbiome is thought to be important for the health of the infant during its early development. As the role of bacteria in the causation of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is backed by strong evidence, the balance between host immunity and potential bacterial pathogens is ...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Small RNA is an important component EVs. However, the proportion of small sequencing (smRNA-seq) reads EVs mapped to human genome much lower than that cells, suggesting existence many nonhuman sequences there no systematic study on EV fragments unmapped genome. Herein, using smRNA-seq data, landscape exogen...

Human milk has been traditionally considered sterile; however, recent studies have shown that it represents a continuous supply of commensal, mutualistic and/or potentially probiotic bacteria to the infant gut. Culture-dependent and -independent techniques have revealed the dominance of staphylococci, streptococci, lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in this biological fluid, and their role...

Long-term consumption of red meat has been considered a potential risk to gut health, but this is based on clinic investigations, excessive intake of fat, heme and some injurious compounds formed during cooking or additions to processed meat products. Whether intake of red meat protein affects gut bacteria and the health of the host remains unclear. In this work, we compared the composition of ...

A growing field of studies is focusing on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in order to better understand bidirectional communication pathways between gut bacteria and CNS. The pathophysiology neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease autism has been attributed dysregulation gut-brain axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation method transferring faeces from a healthy donor into intestine re...

Microbial transmission through mucosal-mediated mechanisms is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. One example of this occurs with Hirudo verbana, the medicinal leech, where host attraction to shed conspecific mucus facilitates horizontal transmission of a predominant gut symbiont, the Gammaproteobacterium Aeromonas veronii. However, whether this mucus may harbor other bacteria has not bee...

Background: The aim of this study was to characterize and identify the bacterial flora associated with a specific hoof infection in population horses Rochester NY area. Methods: Samples taken from showing symptoms were first grown on Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) solid medium. Forty different colonies obtained characterized microscopically biochemically. identity these bacteria also confirmed by 1...