Chewing gum as a commercial product was traditionally based on chicle, mainly harvested by indigenous people from trees in the tropical forest of southeastern Mexico. Chicle base has now been replaced petro-chemical major manufacturers. However, several smaller companies are again attempting to market chewing using chicle base. The question raised here is, will differentiation provided gum—bein...

BACKGROUND HS219 (40 mg chitosan-loaded chewing gum) is designed to bind salivary phosphorus as an add-on to available phosphorus binders. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HS219 in hemodialysis (HD) patients with hyperphosphatemia as an add-on to phosphorus binders. METHODS Sixty-eight HD patients who were maintained on c...

INTRODUCTION The effect of regular gum chewing on psychological status is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gum chewing for fourteen days on psychological status and physical and mental fatigue in healthy young adults. METHODS We assigned 50 volunteers randomly to an intervention group (n = 26) and a control group (n = 24). Participants in the intervention group ...

BACKGROUND Extrinsic staining of teeth may result from the deposition of a variety of pigments into or onto the tooth surface, which originate mainly from diet or from tobacco use. More recently, clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of some chewing gums in removing extrinsic tooth staining. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two nicotine medicated chewing gums (...

~~Neuromuscular inhibitory effects were monitored in the temporalis and masseter muscles for ten patients with mandibular joint (MJ) syndrome. and ten control subjects with normal occlusions. Analysis of the electromyographic (EMG) silent period in the controls showed no significant difference between durations at median occlusal position, following placement of a maxillary acrylic occlusal spl...

Nicotine replacement therapy can double the chance of success for smokers attempting to quit. This observational study aimed to compare quit rates of different formulations of nicotine replacement among clients referred to a smoking cessation clinic in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Clients entering the study (n = 308) participated in 4 sessions of behavioural therapy, chose a type of nicoti...

Aims: Complaints of thirst accompanied by dry mouth are the main complaints hemodialysis patients with poor compliance due to excess fluid intake, inability restrict fluids, and high interdialytic weight. The interventions carried out overcome include sucking ice cubes, gargling boiled water, chewing gum. effectiveness gum for people CKD is still debated. Objectives: purpose this study was dete...

Several studies have shown that smoking is not beneficial to the fetus. Among the acute effects, influence on fetal circulation has been reported. Nicotine is considered to be one of the active agents in cigarette smoke. To test the nicotine effects on the human fetus, maternal and fetal cardiovascular dynamics were studied in 20 pregnant women when chewing a chewing gum containing 4 mg of nico...

BACKGROUND Chewing gum is a habit practiced regularly by a relatively high proportion of individuals in many countries including India, and its use has increased within the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sugar-free and sugar chewing gums on plaque deposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is a double blind clinical trial involving 16 healthy volunteers (d...