Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine, shows limited protection efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), particularly hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, suggesting that a logistical and practical vaccination strategy is urgently required. Boosting the BCG-induced immunity may offer a potentially advantageous strategy for advancin...

Abstract Background The optimal surveillance method for recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after intravesical BCG treatment is unknown. aim this study to assess the difference between two methods: cystoscopy with biopsies and office-based flexible in detecting NMIBC time recurrence. Methods Charts patients who underwent transurethral resection tumor subsequent Bacillus Cal...

BACKGROUND Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been suggested to have nonspecific beneficial effects in children from developing countries, reducing morbidity and mortality caused by unrelated pathogens. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the heterologous protective effects of BCG vaccination against respiratory infection (RI) and sepsis not attributable to tuberculosis in children born i...

There is a critical need to establish reference response rates following bladder-sparing therapies administered in the setting of bacillus Calmete-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We sought determine efficacy different interventions recent trials accruing patients fulfilling strict BCGunresponsive definition established by US Food and Drug Administration. pe...

AIM To evaluate the effect of intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the prevention of recurrence and progression of the superficial bladder cancer. METHODS Between February 1989 and May 1994, 170 patients with histologically proven superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder stage Ta and T1 were assessed as eligible for 6-week + 6-month protocol of intraves...

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-1 and TLR2 have been shown to be receptors for Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), yet it is unclear whether M. leprae can signal through alternative TLRs. Other mycobacterial species possess ligands for TLR4 and genetic association studies in human populations suggest that people with TLR4 polymorphisms may be protected against leprosy. Using human embryonic kidney (HEK)...

In this study, the immune response induced by a mixture of polysaccharide and nucleic acid extracted from Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was evaluated in chickens inoculated with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine. After the mixture was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 0.075, 0.15 or 0.3 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) for 3 days, the 14-day-old chickens were inoculated with the attenuated I...

BACKGROUND We compared the T cell antigen receptor (TCR-BV) gene families of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) between children with tuberculosis (TB) and those inoculated with the Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine. METHODS The total RNA was extracted from PMBC of 15 TB children, 15 BCG-vaccinated children and 15 healthy controls. The RNAs were reverse-transcribed and amplified by...

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups. Although, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the recommended adjuvant therapy of high-risk bladder tumor, optimal schedule (induction versus maintenance) of this therapy is a subject of debate. The objective was to evaluate outcomes of induction BCG in high-risk NMIBC patients at Shaukat Khanum Memorial...