BACKGROUND The plant SLAC1 is a slow anion channel in the membrane of stomatal guard cells, which controls the turgor pressure in the aperture-defining guard cells, thereby regulating the exchange of water vapour and photosynthetic gases in response to environmental signals such as drought, high levels of carbon dioxide, and bacterial invasion. Recent study demonstrated that bicarbonate is a sm...

Stomatal guard cells are functionally specialized epidermal cells usually arranged in pairs surrounding a pore. Changes in ion fluxes, and more specifically osmolytes, within the guard cells drive opening/closing of the pore, allowing gas exchange while limiting water loss through evapo-transpiration. Adjustments of the pore aperture to optimize these conflicting needs are thus centrally import...

we consider a dynamic domination problem for graphs in which an infinitesequence of attacks occur at vertices with guards and the guard at theattacked vertex is required to vacate the vertex by moving to a neighboringvertex with no guard. other guards are allowed to move at the same time, andbefore and after each attack and the resulting guard movements, the verticescontaining guards form a dom...

expansin proteins are a type of cell-wall loosening proteins which able to cell wall expansion in ph-dependent manure without hydrolyze of main cell wall structures. the arabidopsis expa1 exhibit guard cell specific expression and trigger the stomatal movements. the objectives of this study were to transfer the atexpa1 gene into tobacco plants and evaluate their phonotypic effects on transforme...

Evaporation of water from the guard cell wall concentrates apoplastic solutes. We hypothesize that this phenomenon provides two mechanisms for responding to high transpiration rates. First, apoplastic abscisic acid is concentrated in the guard cell wall. Second, by accumulating in the guard cell wall, apoplastic sucrose (Suc) provides a direct osmotic feedback to guard cells. As a means of test...

There are many di-erent kinds of guards in a simple polygon that have been proposed and discussed. In this paper, we consider a new type of guard, boundary guard, which is a guard capable of moving along a boundary of a polygon and every interior point of the polygon can be seen by the mobile guard. We propose an algorithm to 1nd the shortest boundary guard of a simple polygon P in O(n log n) t...

pursue crime as a calling, although by their dexterity and good fortune they had been able to elude the proof of any specific offence. This charge drew public attention to an extent for which I was not prepared. By those best acquainted with the class to be held in check, and with their manifold inflictions on society, I believe I may venture to state that it met with acceptance; but having bee...