The key read-out of Wnt signalling is a change in the transcriptional profile of the cell, which is driven by β-catenin. β-catenin levels are normally kept low by a phosphorylation event that is mediated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3, α- and β-isoforms), which targets β-catenin for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Wnt blocks this phosphorylation event, thereby allowing β-cateni...

Studies of skeletal muscle from rodents performed both in vivo and in vitro suggest a regulatory role of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 in glycogen synthase (GS) activation in response to insulin. Recently, hyperinsulinemic clamp studies in humans support such a role under nearly physiological conditions. In addition, in rats the activation of GS in skeletal muscle during treadmill running is...

Dysregulation of brain serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is thought to underlie mental conditions as diverse as depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, autism, and schizophrenia. Despite treatment of these conditions with serotonergic drugs, the molecular mechanisms by which 5-HT is involved in the regulation of aberrant emotional behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we generated kn...

BACKGROUND Telomerase controls telomere homeostasis and cell immortality and is a promising anti-cancer target, but few small molecule telomerase inhibitors have been developed. Reactivated transcription of the catalytic subunit hTERT in cancer cells controls telomerase expression. Better understanding of upstream pathways is critical for effective anti-telomerase therapeutics and may reveal ne...

BACKGROUND The cell-cell adhesion molecule cadherin-11 is important in embryogenesis and bone morphogenesis, invasion of cancer cells, lymphangiogenesis, homing of cancer cells to bone, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, very little is known about the regulation of cadherin-11 expression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that cell density and GSK-3beta regulate cadherin-11 levels i...

Canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in development and disease, regulating transcription of target genes and stabilizing many proteins phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). We observed that the MiT family of transcription factors, which includes the melanoma oncogene MITF (micropthalmia-associated transcription factor) and the lysosomal master regulator TFEB, had the ...

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a vital multifunctional molecule that widely distributed in invertebrates and vertebrates. GSK3 highly conserved serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase, which plays an important role insulin, Wnt, various signaling pathways. In this study, gene were identified the genome of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , analyzed its structure, phylogeny, ex...

Hu W, Li F, Mahavadi S, Murthy KS. Upregulation of RGS4 expression by IL-1 in colonic smooth muscle is enhanced by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and inhibited by the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296: C1310–C1320, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00573.2008.—Initial Ca -dependent contraction of intestinal smooth muscle is inhibited upon IL-1 treatment. The decrease in contraction reflects the...