1. The effect of light fluctuations on the growth rates of four species of freshwater phytoplankton was investigated. Experimental light regimes included constant irradiance and fluctuations of a step function form, with equal proportion of high (maximum of 240 mmol photons m s) and low light (minimum of 5 mmol photons m s) (or dark) in a period. Fluctuations of 1, 8 and 24-h periods were impos...

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) offers the opportunity to detect and spectrally resolve many atmospheric minor constituents affecting atmospheric chemistry. In this paper, we describe an algorithm produced to retrieve HCFC–22 profiles from MIPAS-E measurements made in 2003 and present results from this scheme between 300 and 50 mb. By comp...

The distribution of shocks to GDP growth rates is found to be exponential rather than normal. Their standard deviation b scales with GDP where b 5 2 0.1560.03. These macroeconomic results place restrictions on the microeconomic structure of interactions between agents.  1998 Elsevier Science S.A.

Pattern classes which avoid 321 and other patterns are shown to have the same growth rates as similar (but strictly larger) classes obtained by adding articulation points to any or all of the other patterns. The method of proof is to show that the elements of the latter classes can be represented as bounded merges of elements of the original class, and that the bounded merge construction does n...

It has been observed that sugar crystals growing in solution exhibit growth rate dispersion, that is, variation in growth rate from one crystal to the next. We consider the problem of estimating the distribution of growth rates in batch-grown crystals, given only samples of their sizes at a number of fixed points in time. The problem can be expressed as a tomographic image reconstruction proble...

  The population parameters and spawning season of the Spangeld emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus) were studied in coastal waters of Hormouzgan province. The monthly calculated mean values of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females were indicate to increase from February, reach the highest in March and decline in June. The spawning season peak of L. nebulosus occurred in March. The Von Bertalanffy grow...