BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested changes in self-concept with successful treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE), but behavioral changes have not been reported as a consistent associated finding. OBJECTIVE To determine if self-concept and behavior change after 6 months of treatment of monosymptomatic PNE by conditioning alarm or desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). DESIGN Randomize...

Presently, the general seismic fragility evaluation method for a bridge system composed of member elements with different nonlinear behaviors against strong earthquakes has been to evaluate at element-level. This study aims develop system-level that represents structural system. Because behavior bridges is generally divided into transverse and longitudinal directions, this evaluated in both dir...

Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges exposed to marine environments significantly suffer from steel bar corrosion. Steel corrosion is responsible for strength deterioration of and material, damage in steel-concrete bond, spalling cover concrete, so on. This study presents a numerical model that can simulate the structural behavior corroded RC bridge piers under seismic action. In model, corrosion-i...

Abstract Scouring is a complex process dependent on several factors, and local scour more than general scour. This study was an attempt to predict round bridge piers based in the water stream. Three obstacle shapes were used – circular, round-nosed, elliptical as they are predominant hydraulic structures like piers. For each shape, depth measured around periphery for five gradually increasing d...

During the service process, piers are often in harsh chloride ion erosion environments. The failure mode evolution of reinforced concrete (RC) may occur under action continuous corrosion. Accurately identifying types and characteristics corroded RC bridge is a prerequisite for lifetime seismic performance evaluations bridges. First, based on Fisher’s theory 174 pier columns as analysis samples,...

A tidal bore may occur in a macro-tidal estuary when the tidal range exceeds 4.5–6 m and the estuary bathymetry amplifies the tidal wave. Its upstream propagation induces a strong mixing of the estuarine waters. The propagation of undular tidal bores was investigated herein to study the effect of bridge piers on the bore propagation and characteristics. Both the tidal bore profile and the turbu...

Bridges when it crossing rivers often required multiple piers for support. One of has a limited investigation is the impact on scouring and morphological aspects bridge sharp-bend river. Consequently, crucial to investigate hydraulic behavior water flow in these areas due presence piers. In present study, an experimental program was conducted laboratory flume featuring two-pier within 180-degre...

Incidental bycatch of sea turtles from recreational fisheries is generally undocumented globally. At Gulf Mexico fishing piers in the USA, a source injury and potential mortality turtles. Recreational turtle has grown substantially over last 6 yr, especially at Navarre Beach Fishing Pier (NW Florida); reasons for increase impacts this on recovery northern populations are largely unknown. In par...

Abstract Scour is the leading cause of bridge collapse beneath any pier located within waterway. A numerical-based hydraulic model named Hydrologic Engineering Centre River Analysis System and a mathematical Florida Department Transport were implemented to investigate their performance accuracy in estimating maximum scour depth piers where large small-scale physical prototypes are used as bench...