Humans are faced with serious problems due to the unfit fluoride levels in potable water, which cause skeletal and dental fluorosis. Therefore, correct information regarding fluoride level in water resources is important in community dentistry, however this data is missing at national level. The aim of this descriptive-analytical study was to explore and map fluoride dispersion patterns of grou...

behind this result are 1) the different biomass production among stands (indicated in 6311 L22) due to a higher Ad (canopy photosynthetic rate) of larger trees found in OG, and 2) our assumption of the same water-use efficiency of stands. Accordingly, the amount of water needed to produce the potential biomass is much higher in OG than YS, and cannot be covered by the water supply under strong ...

Agricultural and urban development causes nutrients to become concentrated at upland sites (Drexler and Bedford, 2002; Detenbeck et al., 2002). The subsequent flux of these nutrients through ground and surface water flow often overwhelms the receiving waters; the ability of lakes, rivers, and streams to normally assimilate and transport these nutrients is surpassed and results abnormally high p...

Out of about 1.2 billion people in India, 68% people live on agriculture as their main occupation. Ground water is therefore an important resource which provides over 70% of rural drinking water supply and about 50% of water used for irrigation. Rains in Monsoon season from June to September, provide the main source of water but they last only for four months and the rest of the year is dry in ...

desertification refers to land degradation phenomenon in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting from various factors including climate variation and human activities. for evaluation and mapping of desertification many research have been conducted leading to regional and local models. in this research, among different existing methods imdpa was selected and desertification intensity ...

To assess the contribution of accumulated winter precipitation and glacial meltwater to the recharge of deep ground water flow systems in fracture crystalline rocks, measurements of environmental isotope ratios, hydrochemical composition, and in situ parameters of ground water were performed in a deep tunnel. The measurements demonstrate the significance of these ground water recharge component...

[1] Areas with a relatively shallow water table are environments where the groundwater plays a key role on the ecosystem function, and important interactions exist between hydrology and ecosystem processes. We propose here an analytical model to study the interactions between rainfall, water table, and vegetation in groundwater-dependent ecosystems. The water table dynamics are studied as a ran...

the system dynamics technique is an object-oriented approach that studies and manages complex feedback systems. its merits include the friendly and easy development and improvement of a model. it is also used as a decision tool for engineering problems. in this paper, the system dynamics technique was used to simulate the performance of a subsurface drainage system in an unsteady state. the mod...