The relative abundance of ship rats (Rattus rattus), Norway rats (R. norvegicus), and Pacific rats (R. exulans), was measured in four vegetation types on Stewart Island/Rakiura, over six consecutive seasons. Ship rats were found in all four vegetation types and dominated in podocarp-broadleaf forest and riparian shrubland. Norway rats were most common in subalpine shrubland and Pacific rats dom...

The practice of ecological agriculture involves building the strengths of natural ecosystems into agroecosystems, purposely disturbed to produce food and fiber. The overall strategies include using practices that (a) grow healthy plants with good defense capabilities, (b) stressing pests, and (c) enhancing populations of beneficial organisms. These are accomplished by enhanced habitat managemen...

In order to understand the heavy metals accumulation and transfer in a plant-soil system in sewage sludge applied soils, 15 familiar garden plants (including 7 herbages, 5 shrubs and 3 arbor species) were planted in soil with sewage land application at the experimental site in Shanghai, China. The experiment measured the changes in 7 heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr and As) fractions and co...

Solar radiation directly and indirectly drives a variety of ecosystem processes. Our aim was to evaluate how tree canopy architecture affects near-ground, incoming solar radiation along gradients of increasing tree cover, referred to as the grassland–forest continuum. We evaluated a common type of canopy architecture: tall trees that generally have their lowest level of foliage high above, rath...

Discrete trees and small groups of trees in nonforest settings are considered an essential resource around the world and are collectively referred to as trees outside forests (ToF). ToF provide important functions across the landscape, such as protecting soil and water resources, providing wildlife habitat, and improving farmstead energy efficiency and aesthetics. Despite the significance of To...

In this study, the potential of use in landscape area some woody plants that naturally spread flora Elazig was investigated. As a result researches, it determined 29 genera and 54 natural plant taxa belonging to 18 families region have characteristics. Families with most taxa; Rosaceae (19 taxa), Salicaceae (4 Fagaceae taxa). The are; Crataegus, Rosa Quercus 4 each, followed by Acer, Tamarix So...

this study was carried out to investigate the effect of crown canopy of ziziphus spina-christi on seed bank characteristics (density and similarity with above ground flora) in two sites with saline-alkaline and alkaline soils. in each soil, forty plots were established, half in and half outside of z. spina-christi cover. in each plot, soil sampling was done from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths. paired a...

understanding the relationship between root yield and other traits in sugar beet may be a crucial step towards successful breeding of this important crop. path analysis provides a useful method in analyzing the genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlations. this method is able to effectively unveil direct and indirect effects among traits of interest. in this research, root yield, yield c...