As mentioned in the accompanying biography, Levi-Civita and his teacher Ricci,1 prompted by Felix Klein, wrote an important review of tensor calculus (under the name of ‘absolute differential calculus’) in 1901 [1]. Einstein, advised by Marcel Grossmann, began to study this in 1912 and corresponded with Levi-Civita about it in the period leading up to the publication of the first paper on gener...

Sometimes the most obvious questions are the most fruitful ones. The Zurich Notebook is a case in point. The notebook shows that Einstein already considered the field equations of general relativity about three years before he published them in November 1915. In the spring of 1913 he settled on different equations, known as the “ Entwurf ” field equations after the title of the paper in which t...

global optimization methods play an important role to solve many real-world problems. flower pollination algorithm (fp) is a new nature-inspired algorithm, based on the characteristics of flowering plants. in this paper, a new hybrid optimization method called hybrid flower pollination algorithm (fppso) is proposed. the method combines the standard flower pollination algorithm (fp) with the par...

the scheduling problems are the non-polynomial problems-hard (np-hard), is to solve it, and meta-heuristic innovative method compared with the exact method require less time and memory.in this research, developed imperialistic competitive algorithm used to solving the single-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem.also the basic feasible solution algorithm used in order to increase...

in this paper the control algorithm for controlled civil structures subjected to earthquake excitation is thoroughly investigated. the objective of this work is the control of structures by means of the pole placement algorithm, in order to improve their response against earthquake actions. successful application of the algorithm requires judicious placement of the closed-loop eigenvalues from ...

abstract this paper presents a multiobjective power control algorithm that updates the transmitted power based on local information. the proposed algorithm is expanded by using multiobjective optimization schemes. the objectives to be optimized in this paper are determined so as to reduce the sinr fluctuations as well as maintaining the sinr to an acceptable level with minimizing an average tra...

the concept of comprehensive grobner bases was introduced by weispfenning. montes has proposed an efficient algorithm for computing these bases. but he has not explicitly used buchberger's criteria in his algorithm. in this paper we prove that we can apply these criteria on montes algorithm. we propose a modified version of montes algorithm and evaluate its performance via some examples.

under an intensive competitive environment, the construction industry is facing pressure to meet the higher customer expectations under a tighter budget. on the other hand, construction is one of the main sectors generating greenhouse gases. according to published statistics, construction industry is one of the most important resources of greenhouse emissions in the world. therefore, based on t...

in financial matters, portfolio can be interpreted as a combination or a series of investments hold by an institution or a person. portfolio optimization is one of the most important concerns of investors for maximizing the portfolio in financial markets. the formation of portfolio is a vital and critical decision for the companies.  in fact, the selection of portfolio is to specify the capital...