Whether treating separation anxiety, fear aggression, or general unruly behavior in dogs, virtually all veterinary behaviorists, applied animal behaviorists, and dog trainers agree that the solution to better behavior involves teaching the owner to be predictable and trustworthy—in essence, to be a good leader. But does learning to be the leader mean that owners must dominate their dogs? Twenty...

Some of the earliest writings to which we have access introduce myth a human child raised by wolves. Enkidu is “wild” friend Gilgamesh in eponymous Sumerian epic; Romulus and Remus Rome are infants who suckle from she-wolf Lupa; Mowgli's story has been told ever since he was conceived Rudyard Kipling The Jungle Book. While this wolf might seem imagine friendly way living with other-than-human b...

Occasional crossbreeding between free-ranging domestic dogs and wild wolves (Canis lupus) has been detected in some European countries by mitochondrial DNA sequencing and genotyping unlinked microsatellite loci. Maternal and unlinked genomic markers, however, might underestimate the extent of introgressive hybridization, and their impacts on the preservation of wild wolf gene pools. In this stu...

A popular perspective on the social behavior of dogs in multiple-dog households sees the dogs' behavior as reflecting the sociobiological laws of the rigidly structured dominance hierarchy that has been described for wolf packs. This view suggests that aggression problems among dogs are natural expressions of conflict that arise whenever dominance status is in contention. One recommended soluti...

Abstract When investing in new stocks, it is difficult to predict returns and risks a general way without the support of historical data. Therefore, portfolio optimization model with an uncertain rate return proposed. On this basis, prospect theory used for reference, then established from perspective expected utility maximization. An improved gray wolf (GWO) algorithm designed because complex ...

Abstract With the rapid development of modern wireless technology, it is necessary to continuously optimize microwave devices meet higher requirements communication systems. In this paper, we propose a device optimization method based on extreme learning machine (ELM) and gray wolf optimizer (GWO). adopt GWO parameters ELM establish mapping relationships between design their responses. Accordin...

BACKGROUND In many areas, livestock are grazed within wolf (Canis lupus) range. Predation and harassment of livestock by wolves creates conflict and is a significant challenge for wolf conservation. Wild prey, such as elk (Cervus elaphus), perform anti-predator behaviors. Artificial selection of cattle (Bos taurus) might have resulted in attenuation or absence of anti-predator responses, or in ...

This paper presents the integration of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind, and batteries to grid. The hybrid shunt active power filter (HSHAPF) is optimized with Gray wolf optimization (GWO) fractional order proportional integral controller (FOPI) for harmonic reduction under nonlinear unbalanced load conditions. With use GWO, parameters FOPI are tuned, which effectively minim...