An innovative hierarchical image segmentation scheme is reported in this research communication. Unlike static/ spatially divided sub-images, the current innovation concentrates on object level hierarchy for segmentation of gray scale or color images into constituent component/ sub-parts. As for example, a gray scale document image may be segmented (binarized in case of two-level segmentation) ...

Micromachining arbitrary 3D silicon structures for micro-electromechanical systems can be accomplished using gray-scale lithography along with dry anisotropic etching. In this study we have investigated two important design limitations for gray-scale lithography: the minimum usable pixel size and maximum usable pitch size. Together with the resolution of the projection lithography system and th...

most of the erythrocyte related diseases are detectable by hematology images analysis. at the first step of this analysis, segmentation and detection of blood cells are inevitable. in this study, a novel method using a line operator and watershed algorithm is rendered for erythrocyte detection and segmentation in blood smear images, as well as reducing over-segmentation in watershed algorithm t...

The paper provides a method of image segmentation of binary and gray scale images. For binary images, the method captures not only connected components but also the holes. For gray scale images, there are two kinds of " connected components " – dark regions surrounded by lighter areas or light regions surrounded by darker areas.

An entropy-based image segmentation method using template matching and boundary detection is described. A template is postulated to approximate the true scene that gives rise to the gray-scale image to be segmented. The degree of approximation is measured by an index called Gray-scale Image Entropy (GIE); which is defined to measure the amount of information contained in a gray-scale image. It ...

Title of Dissertation: ELECTROSTATIC MEMS ACTUATORS USING GRAY-SCALE TECHNOLOGY Brian Carl Morgan, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Professor Reza Ghodssi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research The majority of fabrication techniques used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are planar technologies, which severely limits the str...

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) commonly involves the knee joint in up to 30% of patients. Musculoskeletal ultrasound enables the skilled clinician to easily assess disease activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity to change of the sonography score of large joints in Rheumatology (SOLAR) for different treatments of knee arthritis in RA. METHOD Joints were assessed by ultrasound a...

The paper presents techniques for the construction of invariant gray scale features. That are characteristics of gray scale images which remain constant if the images are transformed according to the action of a transformation group. We rst introduce a general method applicable to arbitrary transformation groups and specialize the results afterwards to the group of image rotations and translati...

OBJECTIVE Artifacts from gas bubble formation during radio frequency ablation along with the poor intrinsic contrast between normal and treated regions (zone of necrosis) are considerable problems for the visualization of the necrotic region on conventional sonography. Sonographic elastography is very effective for visualizing the zone of necrosis, but it uses the same echo signals to estimate ...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to describe the mechanisms likely to be responsible for color Doppler twinkling artifacts and their associated machine factors and to illustrate the various conditions that cause twinkling artifacts and those pitfalls. METHODS We evaluated various sonographic machine-associated factors that influence artifact appearance and identified various conditions t...