Neurons in the dentate hilus or area CA3c of rat hippocampal slices were recorded intracellularly with electrodes containing the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. Stimulation of perforant path fibers in the molecular layer of the fascia dentata strongly excited most hilar neurons, with a much lower threshold for action potential generation than granule cells and area CA3c pyramidal cells that wer...

KEY POINTS The proton sensing ovarian cancer G protein coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, aka GPR68) promotes expression of the canonical transient receptor potential channel subunit TRPC4 in normal and transformed cerebellar granule precursor (DAOY) cells. OGR1 and TRPC4 are prominently expressed in healthy cerebellar tissue throughout postnatal development and in primary cerebellar medulloblastoma tis...

A common feature of temporal lobe epilepsy and of animal models of epilepsy is the growth of hippocampal mossy fibers into the dentate molecular layer, where at least some of them innervate granule cells. Because the mossy fibers are axons of granule cells, the recurrent mossy fiber pathway provides monosynaptic excitatory feedback to these neurons that could facilitate seizure discharge. We us...

The dentate gyrus is the chief route of excitatory input into the hippocampal formation and is thus crucial for appropriate function of the hippocampus in learning and memory. Many pathological states associated with histological abnormalities in the dentate are likely to have their origins during development. These disorders include generalized abnormalities of neuronal migration, e.g. reeler ...

While it has been hypothesized that adult neurogenesis (NG) plays a role in the encoding of temporal information at long time-scales, the temporal relationship of immature cells to the highly rhythmic network activity of the hippocampus has been largely unexplored. Here, we present a theory for how the activity of immature adult-born granule cells relates to hippocampal oscillations. Our hypoth...

Dissociated cerebellar granule cells maintained in medium containing 25 mM potassium undergo an apoptotic death when switched to medium with 5 mM potassium. Granule cells from mice in which Bax, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, had been deleted, did not undergo apoptosis in 5 mM potassium, yet did undergo an excitotoxic cell death in response to stimulation with 30 or 100 microM NMDA. Within...

The antimicrobial mechanisms of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule extract and isolated extract fractions against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were examined. Crude granule extract and a fraction containing low-molecular-weight cationic peptides (peak D) reduced the viability of A. calcoaceticus and inhibited the uptake of radiolabeled macromolecule precursors by cells. The inhibitory activi...

The effect of a number of conditions on the amount of cyanophycin granule polypeptide [multi-L-arginyl poly(L-aspartic acid)] formed in the unicellular cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa 6308 was determined. Light, CO2, sulfur, and phosphorus starvation as well as the addition of arginine to culture media increased the amount of cyanophycin granule polypeptide in cells when compared with that in cells ...

Fluid injections into the infragranular cleavage plane of the dentate gyrus selectively lesion the granule cells. The fluid (e.g., Hanks Balanced Salt Solution) opens a cavity in the IGCP that severs the mossy fibers that cross the cavity, killing the granule cells. Few granule cells survive in the region of the lesion. If the fluid injected into the IGCP contains immature granule cells, the ad...

Stress granules are sites of mRNA storage formed in response to a variety of stresses, including viral infections. Here, the mechanisms and consequences of stress granule formation during poliovirus infection were examined. The results indicate that stress granules containing T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1) and mRNA are stably constituted in infected cells despite lacking inta...