AbstractGrammatical Evolution (GE) is one of the most popular Genetic Programming (GP) variants, and it has been used with success in several problem domains. Since original proposal, many enhancements have proposed to GE order address some its main issues improve performance.In this paper we propose Probabilistic Grammatical (PGE), which introduces a new genotypic representation mapping mechan...

Pause analysis is a method that investigates processes of writing by measuring the amount of time between pen strokes. It provides the field of second language studies with a means to explore the cognitive processes underpinning the nature of writing. This study examined the potential of using free handwritten copying of sentences as a means of investigating components of the cognitive processe...

undoubtedly the holy quran is a unique book in arabic language, eloquently and rhetorically. its words are a pure collection of arabic literature. all poets, jurisprudents and philosophers believe it as a master art. it is a permanent treasure of arabic and for it many sciences have been generated. it kept the arabic language active and dynamic during ups and downs of the history. it also conta...

This study investigated the effects of planned focus-on-form instruction (pFFI) on developing oral grammatical accuracy in Iranian English EFL learners. To this end, 60 lower-intermediate EFL learners studying English in a private English language institute in Tehran, Iran, were randomly assigned to two classes. Both classes received a task-based instruction on grammatical points elicited in or...

The article deals with the analysis of content professionally oriented teaching foreign languages to students non-linguistic specialities at higher educational establishments. It has been proved a language includes following: spheres communicative activity, topics and situations, linguistic acts material which take into account professional development students; (phonetic, lexical, grammatical ...

The paper presents an explorative study regarding the relation between multilingual pedagogies and language aptitude, a complex construct associated with metalinguistic awareness cognitive processes, which predict capacity of learning foreign language. We administered LLAMA test to 67 lower secondary school students in Italy, divided into two groups: target group had been regularly exposed évei...

language, science and politics go together and learning these genres is to learn a language created for codifying, extending and transmitting scientific and political knowledge. grammatical metaphor is divided into two broad areas: ideational and interpersonal.this paper focuses on the first type i.e. ideational grammatical metaphor (igm), which includes process types and nominalization.  the m...

In this article we analyse autobiographical narrative texts written by university students studying Catalan as an Additional Language at a CEFR (2020) B1 level. The goal is to the formative needs related writing of genre in order foster metadiscursive reflection classroom that will allow improve their output. To end, analyzed corpus 39 autobiographies both macrotextual level (i.e., rhetorical m...

the main purpose of this study was to determine which correlate, perceived motor competence or motor skill competence, best predicts girls' physical activity behavior.a sample of 352 girls (mean age=8.7, sd=0.3 yr) participated in this study. to assess motor skill competence and perceived motor competence, each child completed the test of gross motor development-2 and physical ability sub-scale...