In 2003, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), in cooperation with the T.M.C. Asser Institute, launched a major research effort to explore the concept of “direct participation by civilians in hostilities” (DPH Project).1 The goal was to provide greater clarity regarding the international humanitarian law (IHL) governing the loss of protection from attack when civilians involve th...

this paper explores the impact of organizational factors on a major information system project in a governmental organization in Norway. The study revealed that the predominant organizational factors include; authoritarian style, functional structure, and a working culture that values conformity and loyalty upwards and is resistant to knowledge sharing. These factors are deeply rooted in the pr...

Very little of WHO's work is done by the Organization alone. Much of it takes the form of coordination and collaboration in which WHO acts in partnership with governments, institutions-both governmental and nongovernmental-and individual scientists and other workers in the field of health. As the following article shows, collaboration with a university hospital department enriches both partners...

BACKGROUND Governmental organizations are facing challenges in adjusting procedures providing equitable assistance to consumers with amputation choosing newly available osseointegrated fixations for bone-anchored prostheses (BAPs) over socket-suspended prostheses. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to (1) present a procedure focusing on tasks, documents and costs of prosthetic care, and (...

E-government is the challenge for European Governments, to simplify, accelerate and improve, the delivery of the governmental circle services and facilities to the citizen. According to Lisbon’s Ministerial Meeting, EU group of policies and initiatives, known as E-Europe, among other policies and priorities for the Information Society, gives emphasis on Government online: ensures that citizens ...

public hospitals can privatize management activities by contracting with a private organization or person to perform the work. management contract is a method which uses private sector for major government projects like hospitals. this review study evaluated management contract conditions in selected countries. we focused on services under contract, different forms of management contract, metho...