As sustainability becomes fundamental to companies, voluntary and mandatory disclosures or corporate practices have become a key source of information for various stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, environmental watchdogs, nonprofits NGOs, investors, shareholders, the public at large. Understanding by analyzing large volume poses major challenges, given that is mostly in form text. Appl...

We describe a class of non-Markov shot noise processes that can be used as models for rates of return on securities, exchange rate processes and other processes in nance. These are continuous time processes that can exhibit heavy tails that become lighter when sampling interval increases, clustering and long memory.

Data analysis and especially forecasts are important when an investor wants to place his capital. A useful mathematical tool in conducting analysis and making decisions of this type is regression. In this paper we deal with orthogonal regression, particularly focusing on two-dimensional case. On this basis, we present a comparative analysis on the evolution of some securities listed on stock ex...

Marketing inherited a model of exchange from economics, which had a dominant logic based on the exchange of “goods,” which usually are manufactured output. The dominant logic focused on tangible resources, embedded value, and transactions. Over the past several decades, new perspectives have emerged that have a revised logic focused on intangible resources, the cocreation of value, and relation...

Iran-China relations are deeply rooted in history and have been enhanced recently with bilateral cooperation in the areas of energy, arms sales, trade, political cooperation and cultural ties. The objective of this paper is to analyze the role of international outsourcing in form of trading intermediate products on bilateral trade relations between Iran and China. As an empirical work, we h...

In this chapter, I define the scope of electronic commerce law and discuss how law can evolve in response to rapid change in social and business practices. I summarize how commercial law has adapted to electronic sales of goods using EDI and Internet distribution systems, discuss the strengths and weaknesses from a legal perspective of a new technology-based model for electronic commerce – digi...

In this article, we consider the problem of equilibrium price formation in an incomplete securities market consisting one major financial firm and a large number minor firms. They carry out continuous trading via exchange to minimize their cost while facing idiosyncratic common noises as well stochastic order flows from individual clients. The process that balances demand supply securities, inc...