Salt is a natural product made from evaporation of sea water with the help sunlight. The benefits salt are many, both for food, health, and beauty needs. In addition, can treat skin diseases, overcome rough skin. Honey has good health body, externally internally. purpose this study was to compile ingredient formula determine effect raw material on physical organoleptic properties facial mask pr...

The present study uses the B subunit of cholera toxin, a protein that binds specifically to ganglioside GM1, to examine the role of endogenous GM1 in the process of growth and differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma N18 cells. Binding of the B subunit to neuroblastoma N18 cells inhibited DNA synthesis with concomitant induction of differentiation. The B subunit induced pronounced morphological c...

A 62-year-old woman with one-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital with progressive weakness in the lower extremities and urinary dysfunction following high fever. On admission, she had rigidity and myoclonus in the upper extremities with sensory ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed mild pleocytosis and oligoclonal band. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (G...

GM1 gangliosidosis is an incurable lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in acid b-galactosidase (b-gal), resulting in accumulation of ganglioside GM1 and its asialo-form (GA1) primarily in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of N-butyldeoxygalacto-nojirimycin (NB-DGJ), an imino sugar that inhibits ganglioside biosynthesis, in normal C57BL/6J (B6) and in b-gal knock...

Cholera toxin (CT), and members of the AB5 family of toxins enter host cells and hijack the cell’s endogenous pathways to induce toxicity. CT binds to a lipid receptor on the plasma membrane (PM), ganglioside GM1, which has the ability to associate with lipid rafts. The toxin can then enter the cell by various modes of receptor-mediated endocytosis and traffic in a retrograde manner from the PM...

The effect of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, and its combined action with GM1 ganglioside, was studied on the GFAP content in a model of remote astrogliosis evoked in the hippocampus by lateral fimbria transection. DFMO markedly suppressed hippocampal gliosis as measured by GFAP immu...

Lipid rafts are widely believed to be an essential organizational motif in cell membranes. However, direct evidence for interactions among lipid and/or protein components believed to be associated with rafts is quite limited owing, in part, to the small size and intrinsically dynamic interactions that lead to raft formation. Here, we exploit the single negative charge on the monosialogangliosid...

The incretin hormone Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) requires delivery by injection for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we test if the properties of glycosphingolipid trafficking in epithelial cells can be applied to convert GLP-1 into a molecule suitable for mucosal absorption. GLP-1 was coupled to the extracellular oligosaccharide domain of GM1 species containing ceramides wi...