Site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate whether phenylalanine residues in predicted transmembrane sequences play essential roles in the function of human P-glycoprotein. Mutant cDNAs, in which codons for each of the 31 phenylalanine residues were changed to alanine, were expressed in mouse NIH 3T3 cells and analyzed with respect to their ability to confer resistance to various drugs. ...

The K88 antigen of Escherichia coli specifically adheres to the piglet intestinal cell; a solution of this antigen agglutinates guinea-pig red cells at 4 degrees C. The latter reaction was used as a model of the former, using inhibition of haemagglutination as an index of specific combination with the K88 adhesin. Inhibition was found with mucous glycoproteins and chemical modification of their...

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and body cavity-based lymphomas (BCBLs). The HHV-8 genome is primarily in a latent state in BCBL-derived cell lines like BCBL-1, but lytic replication can be induced by phorbol esters (R. Renne, W. Zhang, B. Herndier, M. McGrath, N. Abbey, D. Kedes, and D. E. Ganem, Nat. Med. 2:342-346, 1996). A 35...

HIV-1 envelope (env) glycoprotein mediates an important role in entry of the virus into the susceptible target cells. As env glycoprotein of HIV-1 is highly variable in the different geographical regions, in the present study, different properties of this protein in Iran are compared with five nearby countries. The sequences of HIV-1 env glycoproteins of Iran, Afghanistan, Russia, Turkey, Pakis...

Multidrug resistance of human cancer cells may result from expression of P-glycoprotein, the product of the MRD1 gene, acting as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump. However, direct evidence that expression of the MDR1 gene contributes to the multidrug resistance of human liver carcinomas has not been established. In this study, we tested five cell lines derived from human hepatocellular carci...

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was cloning and expression of rabies virus glycoprotein by a eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+) in BSR cell line. This construct might be used for a potential DNA vaccine. Materials and Methods: Glycoprotein gene was synthesized and cloned into pBluescript vector and then sub cloned into eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA3.1(+)). After verifica...

multi drug resistance(mdr) is a major problem in the treatment of cancer and hemalological malignancies. this resistance is multi factorial and is the result of decreased intra cellular drug accumulation. this is partly due to the presence of a 170kd intra membranous protein termed p-glycoprotein(p-gp) that is an energy-dependent efflux pump which has increased expression on drug-resistance cel...

basic research on the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis has been performed mainly on its animal model namely experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. there are many different approaches established to get this model. despite the existence of many references in literature in this regard, we have been faced with many difficulties generating the model suitable for studying different therapies....

results primary, secondary, and 3d structure of cchfv gn were obtained and pcr reaction with m13 forward and reverse primers confirmed the generation of recombinant bacmid dna harboring gn coding region under polyhedron promoter. conclusions characterization of the detailed structure of cchfv gn by bioinformatics software provides the basis for development of new experiments and construction of...

Use of gestation stalls in pork production remains a controversial topic in animal welfare. Immune status and measures are frequently used to assess stress levels and thus well-being of confined animals. The important welfare issue of close confinement among gestating gilts was tested by quantifying cortisol, acute phase cytokine, and acute phase protein pro-files before and after farrowing of ...