BACKGROUND In people with diabetes, blood glucose levels should be monitored regularly to prevent serious complications associated with diabetes. This involves the invasive method of withdrawing blood, which causes inconvenience to patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the noninvasive electroporation and transcutaneous sampling (ETS) technique for predicting...

The interstitial fluid of the human myocardium was monitored in 13 patients undergoing aortic valve and/or bypass surgery before, during, and after hypothermic potassium cardioplegia. The regulation of glucose and lactate was studied after sampling with microdialysis. The following questions were addressed. 1). Is the rate of transcapillary diffusion the limiting step for myocardial uptake of g...

Insulin stimulates glucose transport in skeletal muscle by glucose transporter GLUT4 translocation to sarcolemma and membrane invaginations, the t-tubules. Although muscle glucose uptake plays a key role in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the dynamics of GLUT4 translocation and the signaling involved are not well described. We have now developed a confocal imaging technique to follow tr...

The spatial arrangement of cellular metabolism in tumor tissue critically affects the treatment of cancer. However, little is known about how diffusion and cellular uptake relate to intracellular metabolism and cell death in three dimensions. To quantify these mechanisms, fluorescent microscopy and multicellular tumor cylindroids were used to measure pH and oxygen profiles, and quantify the dis...

We compared the rejection behaviours of three hydrophobic trace organic contaminants, bisphenol A, triclosan and diclofenac, in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO). Using erythritol, xylose and glucose as inert reference organic solutes and the membrane pore transport model, the mean effective pore size of a commercial cellulose-based FO membrane was estimated to be 0.74 nm. When NaCl...

Astrocytes extend their processes to make contact with neurons and blood vessels and regulate important processes associated with the physiology/pathophysiology of the brain. Their elaborate morphology, with numerous fine processes, could allow them to perform complex signal transductions with distinct compartments or to function as a spatial buffer depending on the diffusion properties of thei...

Glucose is the primary energetic substrate for the metabolic activity of brain cells and its proper delivery from the arterial blood is essential for neural activity and normal brain functions. Glucose is also a unique natural reinforcer, supporting glucose-drinking behavior without food or water deprivation. While it is known that glucose enters brain tissue via gradient-dependent facilitated ...

A 75-year-old Asian man presented with two episodes of chorea associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia. His chorea rapidly resolved after restitution of a normal serum glucose level, although an MR image obtained at the time of acute symptoms demonstrated high signal intensity on T1-weighted images, low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and restricted diffusion, all involving the left put...

The rational design of immunoprotective hydrogel barriers for transplanting insulin-producing cells requires an understanding of protein diffusion within the hydrogel network and how alterations to the network structure affect protein diffusion. Hydrogels of varying crosslinking density were formed via the chain polymerization of dimethacrylated PEG macromers of varying molecular weight, and th...

BACKGROUND The objective of this article was to focus on the application of harmonic decomposition to continuous glucose monitor (CGM) measurements. We show evidence of an attenuation of fast variations of interstitial glucose when compared to blood in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and, using information theory, propose optimal sampling schedules associated with the use and study of CGMs. M...