Glucosamine/glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase or GlmA catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the primary amino group of glucosamine. The enzyme from Clostridium acetobutylicum is thought to be involved in cell wall rescue. In addition to glucosamine, GlmA has been shown to function on di- and trisaccharides of glucosamine as well. Here we present a structural and kinetic a...

The biopolymer is characterized as either chitin or chitosan according to the degree of deacetylation (DD) which is determined by the proportion of D-glucosamine and N-acetylD-glucosamine. Structurally, chitosan is a straight-chain copolymer composed of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine being obtained by the partial deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan is the most abundant basic biopolymer ...

two deoxyglucose (dg) derivatives, (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(ethylcarbamate)-d-glucose (ecb-dg) and (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-d-glucose (dhp-dg), were synthesized and radiolabeled successfully with [99mtc(h2o)3(co)3]+ complex. [99mtc]-ecb-dg and [99mtc]-dhp-dg complexes were prepared (96% and 93% radiochemical purities respectively) by using 46 mci of na99mtco4 in 1 ml saline. radi...

The wastes generated by the shrimp industry are approximately between 50 and 60% of catch volume. These residues such as head, viscera, shell potential pollutants if they not treated for proper disposal. One way to solve this problem is use functional food ingredients. In regard, rich in chitin, second most abundant biopolymer on planet after cellulose. Chitin composed N-acetyl glucosamine, a m...

background :   chitosan is unbranched polysaccharide composed of d-glucosamine and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. chitosan, derived from shrimp shell, has broad antimicrobial properties against gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi.   methods :  chitosan was extracted from shrimp shell and studied for cell entrapment and anti-bacterial properties. the hydrogel chitosan was used as the beads ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of glucosamine on matrix metalloprotease (MMP) production, on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and on activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factor activation in human chondrocytes. The human immortalized cell line lbpva55 and healthy human chondrocytes (obtained from healthy donors) were subjected to challenge with 10 n...

Successful treatment of osteoarthritis must effectively control pain, and should slow down or reverse progression of the disease. Biochemical and pharmacological data combined with animal and human studies demonstrate glucosamine sulfate is capable of satisfying these criteria. Glucosamine sulfate's primary biological role in halting or reversing joint degeneration appears to be directly due to...

A method of using indirect fluorescence detection is evaluated for the analysis of glucosamine in commercial dietary supplements following chromatographic separation. In this method, the eluting analyte, glucosamine, was detected by monitoring an increase in the fluorescence signal for L-tryptophan (L-Trp) or DL-5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) after glucosamine complexed with a copper(II) ion and r...

The use of chitin as raw material to obtain glucosamine hydrochloride at laboratory level was investigated. Chitin was extracted from shrimp shells by deproteinization, demineralization and depigmentation. Afterwards, glucosamine hydrochloride was produced in four main stages: (1) acid hydrolysis of chitin with 12 M hydrochloric acid using the reflux technique; (2) filtration of the solution to...