Katz et al. (1) have demonstrated a restriction in lymphoid cell interaction when the antigen used is under immune response (Ir) gene control. T cells from (low responder x high responder) F(1) mice primed to the terpolymer L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-tyrosine (GLT) can collaborate with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-primed B cells from the Ir-GLT high responder but not low responder strain in respon...

Astrocytes control tissue equilibrium and hence define the homoeostasis and function of the CNS (central nervous system). Being principal homoeostatic cells, astroglia are fundamental for various forms of neuropathology, including AD (Alzheimer's disease). AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of cognitive functions due to specific lesions in mnesic-associated...

Antibodies to an excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT4) label a glycoprotein of approximately 65 kDa strongly in the cerebellum and weakly in the forebrain. Cross-linking of cerebellar proteins with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate before solubilization causes dimer bands of EAAT4 and both dimer and trimer bands of the other glutamate transporters GLAST (EAAT1) and GLT (EAAT2) to appear on im...

Following the onset of an ischemic brain injury, the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is released. The excitotoxic effects of glutamate are a major contributor to the pathogenesis of a stroke. The aim of this study was to examine if overexpression of a glutamate transporter (GLT-1) reduces ischemic brain injury in a rat model of stroke. We generated an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector e...

Both traumatic and slow-onset disc herniation can directly compress and/or chemically irritate cervical nerve roots, and both types of root injury elicit pain in animal models of radiculopathy. This study investigated the relative contributions of mechanical compression and chemical irritation of the nerve root to spinal regulation of neuronal activity using several outcomes. Modifications of t...

It slices, it dices, it cleans the kitchen sink. We’ve all heard of—and hailed the ingenious efficiency of—devices that perform more than one function. But humans don’t have the corner on that market. A team led by Tâm Mignot and Morgane Wartel recently discovered that when the going gets rough, a common soilinhabiting bacterium, Myxococcus xanthus, repurposes a molecule that’s integral to the ...

The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP) by observing the effect of GLT-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) on the neuro-protection of CIP against brain ischemic insult in rats. Wistar rats with permanently occluded bilateral vertebral arteries were...

Abstract Background Low- and high-affinity glucose transport system is a conserved strategy of microorganism to cope with environmental fluctuation for their growth competitiveness. In Neurospora crassa , the dual-affinity consists low-affinity transporter GLT-1 two transporters HGT-1/HGT-2, which play diverse roles in transport, carbon metabolism, cellulase expression regulation. However, regu...

The European Commission adopted a long-term strategic vision aiming for climate neutrality by 2050. Lithuania ratified the Paris agreement, making binding commitment to cut its 1990 baseline GHG emissions 40% in all sectors of economy 2030. In Lithuania, main construction material is cement, even though has strong wood-based industry and abundant timber resources. Despite this, approximately tw...